Corneal deturgescence is part of a process in which the water content of the cornea is controlled by a dynamic process of pumping and leaking. The enzymes associated with pumping (corneal deturgescence) in fresh tissue and tissue cultures have been only partially defined and characterized. Two enzymes: Na+K+ATPase, in plasma membranes of corneal endothelial cells; and anion ATPase (ATP synthase), in the mitochondrial membranes of corneal endothelial cells, could be important in this process. For NA+K+ATPase, it is proposed to test varied levels of ATP, the cell's high energy compound, on its activity. In tissue cultures, activity of this enzyme will be assayed as a function of culture age and the number of culture passages. Furthermore, the influence of culturing with epithelial cells and/or keratocytes will be examined in regard to enzyme activity. This will be done such that the cells are separated from each other, but have culture media in common. Na+K+ATPase activity will also be measured in cultures maintained in low oxygen tension. In order to examine possible untoward effects of ocular drugs, the drugs will be included in tissue culture media at estimated in situ concentrations. Their possible effects on Na+K+ATPase activity will be investigated. Na+K+ATPase activity will be sub-localized in either baso-lateral or apical parts of the plasma membranes of corneal endothelial cells. This will be accomplished by subjecting membrane preparations to Percoll gradiant centrifugation. Mitochondrial, anion ATPase will be prepared as a complex and placed into liposomes with bacteriorhodopsin in order to form a biological model system where the enzyme functions as an ATP synthase (to generate ATP as in vivo). This system will be tested to determine whether it can be stimulated by bicarbonate. It may explain the participation of bicarbonate in deturgescence rather as a stimulator of an ATPase than as an ion which is transported by an ATPase. Together, all these studies may supply valuable basic information for a variety of chemically induced stresses that challange the process of deturgescence.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Eye Institute (NEI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01EY002949-10
Application #
3257258
Study Section
Visual Sciences A Study Section (VISA)
Project Start
1979-04-01
Project End
1992-03-31
Budget Start
1988-04-01
Budget End
1989-03-31
Support Year
10
Fiscal Year
1988
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Alabama Birmingham
Department
Type
Schools of Optometry/Opht Tech
DUNS #
004514360
City
Birmingham
State
AL
Country
United States
Zip Code
35294
Blake, D A; Whikehart, D R; Yu, H et al. (1996) Common cryopreservation media deplete corneal endothelial cell plasma membrane Na+,K+ ATPase activity. Curr Eye Res 15:263-71
Whikehart, D R; Angelos, P; Montgomery, B (1995) Effects of mannitol on cultured corneal endothelial cell Na,K-ATPase activity. Cornea 14:295-9
Whikehart, D R; Montgomery, B; Wells, J D et al. (1994) Low-molecular-weight peptides in corneal tissue culture media and in bovine aqueous fluid. Ophthalmic Res 26:17-22
Vogel, T; Blake, D A; Whikehart, D R et al. (1993) Specific simple sugars promote chemotaxis and chemokinesis of corneal endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol 157:359-66
Whikehart, D R; Montgomery, B; Angelos, P et al. (1993) Alteration of ATPase activity and duplex DNA in corneal cells grown in high glucose media. Cornea 12:295-8
Whikehart, D R; Montgomery, B; Sorna, D H (1992) The inhibition of Na, K-ATPase, and Mg-ATPase by timolol maleate in cultured non-pigmented epithelial cells of the ciliary body. J Ocul Pharmacol 8:107-14
Whikehart, D R; Montgomery, B; Sorna, D H et al. (1991) Beta-blocking agents inhibit Na+K+ATPase in cultured corneal endothelial and epithelial cells. J Ocul Pharmacol 7:195-200
Whikehart, D R; Edwards, W C; Pfister, R R (1991) Sorption of sodium hydroxide by type I collagen and bovine corneas. Cornea 10:54-8
Whikehart, D R; Montgomery, B; Wells, J D (1989) Age as a function of ATPase activity in cultured corneal endothelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 30:335-8
Whikehart, D R; Montgomery, B; Hafer, L M (1987) Sodium and potassium saturation kinetics of Na+K+-ATPase in plasma membranes from corneal endothelium: fresh tissue vs. tissue culture. Curr Eye Res 6:709-17

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