Maintenance of the normal corneal epithelium requires constant centripetal migration of corneal epithelial cells derived from stem cells in the limbus. Maintenance of the epithelium is also dependent on presence of sensory nerve fibers in the cornea and their extension after wounding. Defective corneal innervation commonly results in epithelial defects or neurotropic ulcers and blindness. Our long-term objective is to understand the mechanisms that drive corneal epithelial cell migration and extension of neurites in the cornea upon wounding, and how corneal epithelium and corneal neurons interact. ? ? Current evidence points to a critical role for PI 3 kinase in corneal epithelial cell migration. We have recently isolated a target for PI 3 kinase, GRP1, and an associated protein GRSP1. GRP1 is an activator for the small GTP binding protein ARF6, which has been shown to regulate extension of lamellipodia and cell movement. The organizing hypothesis for this proposal is that upon activation, the receptors for nerve growth factor and for chemotaxtic stimuli activate PI-3 kinase, which produces the lipid messenger PIP3. As a result GRP1 is recruited to the plasma membrane and activates ARF6, which causes formation of lamellipodia at the leading edge of migrating corneal epithelial cells and in the growth cones of corneal nerve fibers. We will test the following hypotheses: 1) GRP1 is a necessary component of the signaling pathway leading from agonist stimulation to migration of corneal epithelial cells and neurite extension; 2) GRP1 functions as part of a complex with GRSP1 and 3) ARF6 is also a necessary component of the signaling pathway. The approaches will include determination of the activation states of the signaling molecules upon stimulation with chemotactic and neurogenic factors, analysis of the effects of stimulating or blocking the pathway at different steps, and attempts to rescue the signaling pathway after introduction of a block by inhibitors or dominant negative constructs.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Eye Institute (NEI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01EY013463-05
Application #
7189076
Study Section
Visual Sciences A Study Section (VISA)
Program Officer
Shen, Grace L
Project Start
2003-02-01
Project End
2009-01-31
Budget Start
2007-02-01
Budget End
2009-01-31
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2007
Total Cost
$371,286
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Pittsburgh
Department
Ophthalmology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
004514360
City
Pittsburgh
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
15213
Block, Ethan R; Tolino, Michael A; Klarlund, Jes K (2010) Pyk2 activation triggers epidermal growth factor receptor signaling and cell motility after wounding sheets of epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 285:13372-9
Block, Ethan R; Tolino, Michael A; Lozano, Jennifer S et al. (2010) Free edges in epithelial cell sheets stimulate epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. Mol Biol Cell 21:2172-81
Block, Ethan R; Klarlund, Jes K (2008) Wounding sheets of epithelial cells activates the epidermal growth factor receptor through distinct short- and long-range mechanisms. Mol Biol Cell 19:4909-17
Lozano, Jennifer S; Chay, Edward Y; Healey, Jeffrey et al. (2008) Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor by hydrogels in artificial tears. Exp Eye Res 86:500-5
Spix, Julie K; Chay, Edward Y; Block, Ethan R et al. (2007) Hepatocyte growth factor induces epithelial cell motility through transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Exp Cell Res 313:3319-25
Mazie, Abigail R; Spix, Julie K; Block, Ethan R et al. (2006) Epithelial cell motility is triggered by activation of the EGF receptor through phosphatidic acid signaling. J Cell Sci 119:1645-54
Block, Ethan R; Matela, Abigail R; SundarRaj, Nirmala et al. (2004) Wounding induces motility in sheets of corneal epithelial cells through loss of spatial constraints: role of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor signaling. J Biol Chem 279:24307-12