Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains the first cause of blindness in the working age population and the increasing number of diabetic cases only promises further increase in the healthcare burden associated. Anti-VEGF is a powerful new treatment option for proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema, late stages of DR; however there are still no therapies available to prevent early alterations of the neuroretina. aA- and aB-crystallins are chaperone proteins promoting cell survival in acute stress conditions, which have been proposed as promising therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative conditions. The molecular chaperone aA-crystallin is highly upregulated in the retina during diabetes and while we showed that its phosphorylation on S148 (rodent) or T148 (human) residue is critical for its protective role, there is a fundamental gap in our knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms by which it promotes the survival of retinal cells and how those mechanisms are regulated by this phosphorylation. The long-term goal of this research is to determine how the chaperone functions of ?-crystallins can be manipulated to preserve vision in patients with diabetes. The objective of this project is to identify the molecular mechanisms by which the function of ?A-crystallin protein is modulated in retinal neurons and glia in diabetes. Emerging from our preliminary data and previously published work, the central hypothesis guiding this project is that aA-crystallin promotes neuronal survival via both cell autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms regulated by the phosphorylation of the S148/T148 residue. The rationale for the proposed research is that determining the cellular function of aA-crystallin in the neuro-glial unit will lead to strategies to enhance retinal cell viability in chronic retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy. This hypothesis will be tested by pursuing 3 specific aims: i) Determine the molecular mechanisms by which pS148/pT148 controls the protective function of aA-crystallin in retinal neurons; ii) Determine the function of aA-crystallin in Mller glia; and iii) Determine the kinase and phosphatases regulating phosphorylation of aA-crystallin on S148/T148. Under the first 2 aims, we will establish how aA-crystallin and its phosphorylation regulate the balance of apoptotic and survival signaling pathways in retinal neurons in vitro, while human tissues will be used to confirm their relevance, and AAV-based constructs in animal models will allow to test their potential in vivo.
While aim 1 will focus on the cell autonomous mechanisms in retinal neurons themselves, aim 2 will focus on the non-cell autonomous mechanisms involving Mller glia. Finally aim 3 will use in vitro screening followed by in vivo validation to identify the kinase and how it is affected by diabetes. This research project will reveal the multifaceted and critical regulatory functions played by aA-crystallin in the retina, potentially leading to the identification of approaches for utilizing this intrinsic protective pathway to promote retinal cell survival in chronic neurodegenerative conditions and, thereby, preserve visual function.

Public Health Relevance

We will study how the protective function of aA-crystallin in retinal cells is regulated by its phosphorylation on a specific residue that we showed is affected by diabetes in the first place. The goal is to identify the molecular mechanisms whereby aA-crystallin function is regulated in retinal neurons and glia under metabolic stress. Understanding the mechanisms governing the protective function of aA-crystallin in disease states is relevant to the NIH?s mission since it will enable us to develop novel approaches to utilize intrinsic protective pathways to promote retinal cell survival in chronic neurodegenerative conditions and, thereby, preserve visual function.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Eye Institute (NEI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01EY020895-07
Application #
9566874
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Shen, Grace L
Project Start
2012-07-01
Project End
2020-08-31
Budget Start
2018-09-01
Budget End
2019-08-31
Support Year
7
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Michigan Ann Arbor
Department
Ophthalmology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
073133571
City
Ann Arbor
State
MI
Country
United States
Zip Code
48109
Rübsam, Anne; Parikh, Sonia; Fort, Patrice E (2018) Role of Inflammation in Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 19:
Nahomi, Rooban B; Sampathkumar, Sruthi; Myers, Angela M et al. (2018) The Absence of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Inhibits Retinal Capillary Degeneration in Diabetic Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 59:2042-2053
Ruebsam, Anne; Dulle, Jennifer E; Myers, Angela M et al. (2018) A specific phosphorylation regulates the protective role of ?A-crystallin in diabetes. JCI Insight 3:
Abramoff, Michael D; Fort, Patrice E; Han, Ian C et al. (2018) Approach for a Clinically Useful Comprehensive Classification of Vascular and Neural Aspects of Diabetic Retinal Disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 59:519-527
Rübsam, Anne; Dulle, Jennifer E; Garnai, Sarah J et al. (2017) A Triple Mutation of BetaB2-Crystallin is Necessary to Develop Cataract and Glaucoma. J Clin Exp Ophthalmol 8:
Dulle, Jennifer E; Rübsam, Anne; Garnai, Sarah J et al. (2017) BetaB2-crystallin mutations associated with cataract and glaucoma leads to mitochondrial alterations in lens epithelial cells and retinal neurons. Exp Eye Res 155:85-90
Dulle, Jennifer E; Fort, Patrice E (2016) Crystallins and neuroinflammation: The glial side of the story. Biochim Biophys Acta 1860:278-86
Kong, Dejuan; Gong, Lijie; Arnold, Edith et al. (2016) Insulin-like growth factor 1 rescues R28 retinal neurons from apoptotic death through ERK-mediated BimEL phosphorylation independent of Akt. Exp Eye Res 151:82-95
Cras-Méneur, Corentin; Elghazi, Lynda; Fort, Patrice et al. (2016) Noninvasive in vivo imaging of embryonic ?-cell development in the anterior chamber of the eye. Islets 8:35-47
Dennis, Michael D; Kimball, Scot R; Fort, Patrice E et al. (2015) Regulated in development and DNA damage 1 is necessary for hyperglycemia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the retina of diabetic rodents. J Biol Chem 290:3865-74

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