Our overall objective is to understand retinal angiogenesis in a context of development and ocular disease, using mice as a model system. Retinal vascular diseases, including proliferative diabetic retinopathy and neovascular age related macular degeneration, are major causes of impaired vision and blindness. One of the central angiogenic signaling pathways in the retina is Norrin/Frizzled4 signaling. Norrin signals via its receptor Frizzled4 and the co-receptor LRP5 on vascular endothelial cells to activate -catenin signaling and transcriptional programs. The pathway plays a critical role in instructing retinal vascular morphogenesis and blood-retina barrier formation. Impaired Norrin/Frizzled4 signaling causes familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, an inherited disease that can cause blindness. The focus of this application is on the membrane protein TSPAN12, a novel and essential component of Norrin/Frizzled4 signaling. Tspan12 gene disrupted mice phenocopy norrin and frizzled4 mutant mice, and TSPAN12 is a strong facilitator of Norrin/Frizzled4 signaling in cell-based assays. We have three objectives: i) We hypothesize that TSPAN12 is functionally required in retinal endothelial cells and that restricted TSPAN12 expression modulates the spatio-temporal pattern of pathway activation. This model predicts that conditional disruption of the tspan12 gene in endothelial cells, but not in other cell types, recapitulates the loss-of-function phenotypes, e.g., lack of intraretinal capillaries and impaired blood-retina barrier integrity. We will use the Cre-Lox system to test this model. ii) TSPAN12 is required only in Norrin-induced but not in Wnt-induced Frizzled4 signaling. This is an intriguing and unexplained feature of Norrin/Frizzled4 signaling. We hypothesize that Norrin cannot efficiently induce protein interactions in the Norrin receptor complex and therefore operates together with TSPAN12. In contrast, Wnts may induce the required protein interactions autonomously (e.g., Norrin and Wnts differ in their ability to bind receptor and co-receptor simultaneously). We will test this hypothesis by characterizing protein interactions in the Norrin receptor complex, by determining which interactions are promoted by Norrin, Wnt3a, and TSPAN12, and by determining the consequences of abolishing or forcing relevant protein interactions in cell-based reporter assays. iii) Several recent human genetic studies independently reported mutations in tspan12 in patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. We will determine if the reported mutations impair the function of TSPAN12 in Norrin/Frizzled4 signaling. Building on our investigation of TSPAN12 protein interactions, we will ask if one or several of the mutations impair critical protein interactions of TSPAN12. We will also determine if one or several of the mutations impair the folding or trafficking of TSPAN12. Conclusion: Norrin/Frizzled4 signaling is under investigation as a target for therapeutic intervention. A refined mechanistic model of TSPAN12 function in Norrin/Frizzled4 signaling should aid efforts to target this pathway in neovascular diseases of the retina.

Public Health Relevance

Vascular diseases of the retina are a frequent cause of vision loss, therefore we need to understand the biology of retinal blood vessels. The membrane protein TSPAN12 is an essential mediator of retinal vascular development and Norrin/Frizzled4 signaling. This project aims to better define the molecular and in vivo role of TSPAN12 and reveal why mutations in TSPAN12 cause familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, a retinal vascular disease that can cause blindness.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Eye Institute (NEI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01EY024261-05
Application #
9462146
Study Section
Diseases and Pathophysiology of the Visual System Study Section (DPVS)
Program Officer
Shen, Grace L
Project Start
2014-04-01
Project End
2019-03-31
Budget Start
2018-04-01
Budget End
2019-03-31
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Colorado at Boulder
Department
Biochemistry
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
007431505
City
Boulder
State
CO
Country
United States
Zip Code
80303
Zhang, Chi; Lai, Maria B; Pedler, Michelle G et al. (2018) Endothelial Cell-Specific Inactivation of TSPAN12 (Tetraspanin 12) Reveals Pathological Consequences of Barrier Defects in an Otherwise Intact Vasculature. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 38:2691-2705
Wang, Yanshu; Cho, Chris; Williams, John et al. (2018) Interplay of the Norrin and Wnt7a/Wnt7b signaling systems in blood-brain barrier and blood-retina barrier development and maintenance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:E11827-E11836
Lai, Maria B; Zhang, Chi; Shi, Jianli et al. (2017) TSPAN12 Is a Norrin Co-receptor that Amplifies Frizzled4 Ligand Selectivity and Signaling. Cell Rep 19:2809-2822
Junge, Harald J (2017) Ligand-Selective Wnt Receptor Complexes in CNS Blood Vessels: RECK and GPR124 Plugged In. Neuron 95:983-985
Zhang, Chi; Lai, Maria B; Khandan, Lavan et al. (2017) Norrin-induced Frizzled4 endocytosis and endo-lysosomal trafficking control retinal angiogenesis and barrier function. Nat Commun 8:16050
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