This proposal extends research which exploits the resolution of the electron microscope (EM) to study the relationship between the organization and structure of eukaryotic chromatin and chromosomes and chromosome function. A major emphasis is the continued refinement and development of techniques to map at the ultrastructural level the location of specific DNA sequences with respect to mitotic chromosome organization and to rapidly and definitively identify specific active genes in Miller spread specimens. These goals will be pursued by combining in situ hybridization of DNA or RNA probes tagged with the nonradioactive labels biotin or 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) to preparations on EM grids followed by immunogold staining. This technique will be used to investigate the existence of mouse satellite sequences on the Y chromosome; the molecular basis of chromosomal rosettes; transcription of histone genes in somatic cells of the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens; and distribution of nascent transcripts on Drosophila heat shock genes. The sensitivity of sequence detection will be determined using the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene and cells with either extrachromosomal or integrated amplified copies, the X-linked human factor VIII gene and bovine papilloma virus-transformed cells. Biotinated nucleotides will be incorporated into cells induced to rereplicate their DNA in order to identify and directly study the structure and frequency of this event with respect to normal replication and transcription. In addition, we will attempt to selectively incorporate bio-dNTPs into chromosomal fragile sites and telomeres. Finally, immunogold labelling will be applied to develop efficient mapping procedures for the location of chromosome-associated proteins. The long term goal of the proposed work is to provide information at the ultrastructural level on chromosome organization which, in conjunction with biochemical and molecular data, should generate a better understanding of the role of chromosome structure in chromosome function in normal and abnormal states.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01GM023241-11
Application #
3271558
Study Section
Molecular Cytology Study Section (CTY)
Project Start
1976-06-01
Project End
1991-08-31
Budget Start
1987-09-01
Budget End
1988-08-31
Support Year
11
Fiscal Year
1987
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California Irvine
Department
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
161202122
City
Irvine
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
92697
Narayanswami, S; Doering, J L; Fokta, F J et al. (1995) Chromosomal locations of major tRNA gene clusters of Xenopus laevis. Chromosoma 104:68-74
Parseghian, M H; Harris, D A; Rishwain, D R et al. (1994) Characterization of a set of antibodies specific for three human histone H1 subtypes. Chromosoma 103:198-208
Parseghian, M H; Henschen, A H; Krieglstein, K G et al. (1994) A proposal for a coherent mammalian histone H1 nomenclature correlated with amino acid sequences. Protein Sci 3:575-87
Narayanswami, S; Hamkalo, B A (1994) Electron microscopic localization of in situ hybrids. Methods Mol Biol 29:335-51
Parseghian, M H; Clark, R F; Hauser, L J et al. (1993) Fractionation of human H1 subtypes and characterization of a subtype-specific antibody exhibiting non-uniform nuclear staining. Chromosome Res 1:127-39
Radic, M Z; Saghbini, M; Elton, T S et al. (1992) Hoechst 33258, distamycin A, and high mobility group protein I (HMG-I) compete for binding to mouse satellite DNA. Chromosoma 101:602-8
Narayanswami, S; Doggett, N A; Clark, L M et al. (1992) Cytological and molecular characterization of centromeres in Mus domesticus and Mus spretus. Mamm Genome 2:186-94
Clark, R F; Cho, K W; Weinmann, R et al. (1991) Preferential distribution of active RNA polymerase II molecules in the nuclear periphery. Gene Expr 1:61-70
Narayanswami, S; Dvorkin, N; Hamkalo, B A (1991) Nucleic acid sequence localization by electron microscopic in situ hybridization. Methods Cell Biol 35:109-32
Dvorkin, N; Clark, M W; Hamkalo, B A (1991) Ultrastructural localization of nucleic acid sequences in Saccharomyces cerevisiae nucleoli. Chromosoma 100:519-23

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