The details of the mechanism which transfers mammalian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from mother to offspring and the constraints which this mechanism would place on the origin of mitochondrial genetic diversity are currently unknown. The frequent occurrence of mtDNA sequence polymorphisms within a species suggests that simple transfer of a female's mitochondrial complement to her offspring does not occur and that a more complex path is followed which transfers only a small subset of the maternal mitochondria to the new embryo. Passage through this bottleneck would allow for the rapid appearance of new mitochondrial genotypes in the population. To test this model, heteroplasmic mice (which contain two different mtDNA genomes) were constructed by embryo fusion at the single cell level. Analysis of offspring of heteroplasmic female mice indicate both mtDNA species are transmitted to offspring; they appear to be transmitted at different levels in different progeny. Experiments are described which will determine if the segregation rates of the two mtDNA species in different nuclear gene backgrounds are identical, and whether both the level of overall mtDNA heteroplasmy and possible tissue differences in the levels of heteroplasmy occur. In addition, the rates at which the two different mtDNA species segregate in cell lines derived from these animals will be determined. Finally, a sensitive test for the presence of paternal mtDNA is described. These experiments will help define the kind and amounts of mtDNA variation that can occur in mammals. A second major goal of this proposal is to develop methods for mtDNA transformation. Mitochondria from various sources will be transferred into embryos, from somatic cells of various types. Once this is accomplished, mtDNA introduction into the organelle will be attempted using chemical treatment, liposome fusion, electroporation, or use of a particle accelerator to transform either cell lines or isolated mitochondria with exogenous mtDNA. These experiments will allow the construction of animals carrying in vitro mutated mtDNAs, and permit an examination of the role of mtDNA function in muscle and nerve myopathies. These animals and the techniques that allow their construction should also help in understanding cytoplasmic movement during early embryo development, movement of cell lineages, and the changes in mitochondria which occur during early development.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01GM033537-04
Application #
3283403
Study Section
Mammalian Genetics Study Section (MGN)
Project Start
1984-12-01
Project End
1994-06-30
Budget Start
1989-07-01
Budget End
1990-06-30
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
1989
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Florida
Department
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
073130411
City
Gainesville
State
FL
Country
United States
Zip Code
32611
Laipis, P J (1996) Construction of heteroplasmic mice containing two mitochondrial DNA genotypes by micromanipulation of single-cell embryos. Methods Enzymol 264:345-57
Tanhauser, S M; Laipis, P J (1995) Multiple deletions are detectable in mitochondrial DNA of aging mice. J Biol Chem 270:24769-75
Tanhauser, S M; Jewell, D A; Tu, C K et al. (1992) A T7 expression vector optimized for site-directed mutagenesis using oligodeoxyribonucleotide cassettes. Gene 117:113-7
Ashley, M V; Laipis, P J; Hauswirth, W W (1989) Rapid segregation of heteroplasmic bovine mitochondria. Nucleic Acids Res 17:7325-31
Laipis, P J; Van de Walle, M J; Hauswirth, W W (1988) Unequal partitioning of bovine mitochondrial genotypes among siblings. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85:8107-10