Understanding chromosome organization and its control of gene expression represents one of the most fundamental and significant open biological challenges. Modeling the folding states of chromatin on various spatial and temporal scales is key for unraveling the most basic cellular functions, including transcription activation, gene silencing, and epigenetic control. In this proposal, we continue our innovative modeling project on chromatin modeling started in 2000 that has provided novel and high-impact publications concerning chromatin organization and dynamics to incorporate new factors that expand the model scope and impact significant biological problems. We also add an experimental collaborator, Dr. Sergei Grigoryev, with whom we have already worked successfully, [and a team at Stanford's Simbios National Center for Biomedical Computation, to help disseminate our software tools and enhance our project's impact.] Our long term goal is to integrate structural and dynamical aspects of chromatin organization to delineate the thermodynamic mechanisms of transcriptional regulation mediated through protein factors, epigenetic marks, and environmental conditions. To advance in this goal, we will study:
(Aim 1) chromatin structure and folding with multivalent ions and dynamic ionic distribution;
(Aim 2) chromatin secondary structure folding under different internal and external factors;
(Aim 3) tertiary chromatin organization with divalent ions, chromatin fiber concentration, and architectural proteins.
In Aim 1, we will develop a rigorous model of chromatin folding with multivalent ions by using a combination of Poisson-Boltzmann theory, an improved representation of screening potential functions, and a method for computing screening potentials as the chromatin conformation changes.
In Aim 2, we will explore the effects in the structure of the 30-nm chromatin fiber of DNA linker length variability, histone variants, epigenetic modifications and external forces [using an innovative combination of mesoscale, multiresolution and all-atom models.] In Aim 3, we will model tertiary chromatin structures induced by multivalent ions, concentrated fiber environments, and bound proteins to unravel the structural mechanisms for fiber-fiber interactions and fiber-loop formation and advance our understanding of transcriptional control via large-scale alterations of chromatin folds. These challenging studies in delineating chromatin organization, energetic, and dynamics examined with innovative modeling and experimental techniques, will help elucidate key structure/function connections that fundamentally regulate genomic organization and expression. The experimental collaboration with Dr. Grigoryev will help integrate experiment and theory; [the collaboration with Dr. R. Altman at Stanford's Simbios will help disseminate our developed tools and enhance project impact.] The developed models and methods are applicable to other complex macromolecules systems. Ultimately, this work's results have practical applications by impacting design of agents that control nucleosome composition and chromatin folds.

Public Health Relevance

Chromatin organization affects the most basic and significant cellular functions including transcription regulation and epigenetic control. Our project will elucidate the structural mechanisms of chromatin organization by modeling the folding states of chromatin on various spatial and temporal scales using innovative modeling and simulation tools. Understanding these mechanisms is important for interpreting normal and aberrant states of cellular function and designing agents that affect these processes for biomedical applications.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01GM055164-12
Application #
8899563
Study Section
Modeling and Analysis of Biological Systems Study Section (MABS)
Program Officer
Preusch, Peter
Project Start
1998-09-01
Project End
2016-07-31
Budget Start
2015-08-01
Budget End
2016-07-31
Support Year
12
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
$306,381
Indirect Cost
$101,574
Name
New York University
Department
Chemistry
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
041968306
City
New York
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10012
Bascom, Gavin D; Schlick, Tamar (2018) Chromatin Fiber Folding Directed by Cooperative Histone Tail Acetylation and Linker Histone Binding. Biophys J 114:2376-2385
Rao, Suhas S P; Huang, Su-Chen; Glenn St Hilaire, Brian et al. (2017) Cohesin Loss Eliminates All Loop Domains. Cell 171:305-320.e24
Bascom, Gavin; Schlick, Tamar (2017) Linking Chromatin Fibers to Gene Folding by Hierarchical Looping. Biophys J 112:434-445
PeriĊĦi?, Ognjen; Schlick, Tamar (2017) Dependence of the Linker Histone and Chromatin Condensation on the Nucleosome Environment. J Phys Chem B 121:7823-7832
Schlick, Tamar; Loew, Leslie (2017) Unraveling Genome Biophysics. Biophys J 112:E1-E2
Bascom, Gavin D; Kim, Taejin; Schlick, Tamar (2017) Kilobase Pair Chromatin Fiber Contacts Promoted by Living-System-Like DNA Linker Length Distributions and Nucleosome Depletion. J Phys Chem B 121:3882-3894
Bascom, Gavin D; Sanbonmatsu, Karissa Y; Schlick, Tamar (2016) Mesoscale Modeling Reveals Hierarchical Looping of Chromatin Fibers Near Gene Regulatory Elements. J Phys Chem B 120:8642-53
Luque, Antoni; Ozer, Gungor; Schlick, Tamar (2016) Correlation among DNA Linker Length, Linker Histone Concentration, and Histone Tails in Chromatin. Biophys J 110:2309-2319
Grigoryev, Sergei A; Bascom, Gavin; Buckwalter, Jenna M et al. (2016) Hierarchical looping of zigzag nucleosome chains in metaphase chromosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113:1238-43
Ozer, Gungor; Luque, Antoni; Schlick, Tamar (2015) The chromatin fiber: multiscale problems and approaches. Curr Opin Struct Biol 31:124-39

Showing the most recent 10 out of 62 publications