Topoisomerase are ubiquitous enzymes that alter the linking number of DNA. As such, they play essential roles in every aspect of DNA metabolism. Their importance is underscored by the fact that in eukaryotes these enzymes are the cellular targets of potent anticancer drugs, whereas in prokaryotes both DNA Gyrase and topoisomerase IV (Topo IV) are targets of the most potent broad-spectrum antibacterial agents (e.q., ciprofloxacin). These drugs convert topoisomerases to poisons that inhibit DNA replication and lead to double-strand break (DSB) generation. Thus, it is crucial to understand the molecular basis of the cytotoxicity of these topoisomerase inhibitors. I have shown that the encounter of a replication fork with a Topo IV- quinolone-DNA ternary complex converts the ternary complex to a nonreversible form. (I) We will examine if a complete replication fork is required for the conversion of a ternary complex to a nonreversible form. It is possible that the DnaB helicase alone is the active agent. (II) We will study the effects of a topoisomerase trapped at a site of DNA damage on the replication fork. It has been demonstrated that DNA lesions, such as an apurinic site, stimulate eukaryotic topoisomerase- mediated DNA cleavages. We will examine if an apurinic site also acts as a topoisomerase poison for bacterial enzymes. We will compare effects of an apurinic site-induced Topo IV-DNA complex and a Topo IV- quinolone-DNA ternary complex on the replication fork to determine if these two distinct mechanisms of poisoning topoisomerases have the same consequences. (III) Recent studies have demonstrated that quinolones do not stimulate S. aureus DNA gyrase (Gyrase)-mediated DNA cleavages. We will characterize S. aureus Gyrase and a ternary complex formed with this enzyme. Furthermore, we will examine if DNA strand cleavage is always required for replication fork arrest by a topoisomerase- quinolone-DNA ternary complex. (IV) We have proposed that quinolone- induced DSB generation is a two-step process. Using an assay where replication forks collide with a ternary complex, I detected an activity in an E. coli extract that could generate DSBs at dead-end topoisomerase complexes. We will identify the protein(s) required for the second step of DSB formation and complete the reconstitution of the DSB process in vitro with purified-proteins.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01GM059465-01
Application #
2844095
Study Section
Physiological Chemistry Study Section (PC)
Program Officer
Fu, Yali
Project Start
1999-01-01
Project End
2002-12-31
Budget Start
1999-01-01
Budget End
1999-12-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
1999
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
Department
Pharmacology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
168559177
City
Minneapolis
State
MN
Country
United States
Zip Code
55455
Hiasa, Hiroshi (2018) DNA Topoisomerases as Targets for Antibacterial Agents. Methods Mol Biol 1703:47-62
Delgado, Justine L; Hsieh, Chao-Ming; Chan, Nei-Li et al. (2018) Topoisomerases as anticancer targets. Biochem J 475:373-398
Reckinger, Amy R; Jeong, Kyeong Soo; Khodursky, Arkady B et al. (2007) RecA can stimulate the relaxation activity of topoisomerase I: Molecular basis of topoisomerase-mediated genome-wide transcriptional responses in Escherichia coli. Nucleic Acids Res 35:79-86
Jeong, Kyeong Soo; Xie, Yang; Hiasa, Hiroshi et al. (2006) Analysis of pleiotropic transcriptional profiles: a case study of DNA gyrase inhibition. PLoS Genet 2:e152
Pfeiffer, Emily S; Hiasa, Hiroshi (2004) Replacement of ParC alpha4 helix with that of GyrA increases the stability and cytotoxicity of topoisomerase IV-quinolone-DNA ternary complexes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48:608-11
Hiasa, Hiroshi; Shea, Molly E; Richardson, Christine M et al. (2003) Staphylococcus aureus gyrase-quinolone-DNA ternary complexes fail to arrest replication fork progression in vitro. Effects of salt on the DNA binding mode and the catalytic activity of S. aureus gyrase. J Biol Chem 278:8861-8
Shea, Molly E; Hiasa, Hiroshi (2003) The RuvAB branch migration complex can displace topoisomerase IV.quinolone.DNA ternary complexes. J Biol Chem 278:48485-90
Hiasa, Hiroshi (2002) The Glu-84 of the ParC subunit plays critical roles in both topoisomerase IV-quinolone and topoisomerase IV-DNA interactions. Biochemistry 41:11779-85
Lavasani, L S; Hiasa, H (2001) A ParE-ParC fusion protein is a functional topoisomerase. Biochemistry 40:8438-43
Hiasa, H; Shea, M E (2000) DNA gyrase-mediated wrapping of the DNA strand is required for the replication fork arrest by the DNA gyrase-quinolone-DNA ternary complex. J Biol Chem 275:34780-6

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