Initiation of eukaryotic protein synthesis begins with separated 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits. The first step is formation of a 48S initiation complex at the initiation codon of mRNA. This process requires ternary complex, elFs 3, 1, 1A, 4A, 4B, 4F and a 40S subunit. The 40S subunit in 48S initiation complexes is associated with initiation factors and therefore can not immediately bind a 60S subunit. Joining of a 60S subunit to a 48S complex is associated with two linked events: hydrolysis of GTP bound to elF2 in the 48S complex and displacement of factors. Hydrolysis of elF2-bound GTP is stimulated by elF5. Recently we showed that hydrolysis of elF2-bound GTP is not sufficient to promote ribosomal joining as had previously been proposed, and that a second novel factor termed eIF5B is required. eIF5B is a homolog of the prokaryotic initiation factor IF2 and has a ribosome-dependent GTPase activity that is essential for its function. We shall identify and characterize structural elements of eIF5B responsible for the interaction of this factor with other translation components (40S and 60S subunits, Met-tRNAi, initiation factors) and the role of such interactions in subunit joining. Experiments will be done to determine whether eIF5 and eIF5B simply prepare 48S complexes for subsequent subunit joining or actively participate in the process. The roles of eIF5 and eIF5B in the displacement of initiation factors and the mechanism of displacement will also be determined. We will investigate the mechanism of ribosomal stimulation of eIF5B's GTPase activity and particular the role of ribosomal P proteins in this process. The localization of eIF5B on the ribosome will be studied by directed hydroxyl radical probing, chemical and enzymatic foot-printing and cryo-electron microscopy. These data will provide the basis for understanding the role of elF5B in subunit joining, and the mechanism of stimulation of eIF5B's GTPase activity by the ribosome. Fast kinetics techniques (fluorescence stopped-flow and quench-flow) will be applied to resolve individual steps and to study kinetic mechanism of two hydrolysis steps in subunit joining: the hydrolysis of elF2-bound GTP induced by elF5 and the hydrolysis of another GTP by elF5B.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01GM063940-04
Application #
6780944
Study Section
Physiological Chemistry Study Section (PC)
Program Officer
Rhoades, Marcus M
Project Start
2001-08-01
Project End
2006-07-31
Budget Start
2004-08-01
Budget End
2005-07-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2004
Total Cost
$261,630
Indirect Cost
Name
Suny Downstate Medical Center
Department
Microbiology/Immun/Virology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
040796328
City
Brooklyn
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
11203
Asnani, Mukta; Pestova, Tatyana V; Hellen, Christopher U T (2016) Initiation on the divergent Type I cadicivirus IRES: factor requirements and interactions with the translation apparatus. Nucleic Acids Res 44:3390-407
Abaeva, Irina S; Pestova, Tatyana V; Hellen, Christopher U T (2016) Attachment of ribosomal complexes and retrograde scanning during initiation on the Halastavi árva virus IRES. Nucleic Acids Res 44:2362-77
Jackson, Richard J; Hellen, Christopher U T; Pestova, Tatyana V (2010) The mechanism of eukaryotic translation initiation and principles of its regulation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 11:113-27
Pisareva, Vera P; Hellen, Christopher U T; Pestova, Tatyana V (2007) Kinetic analysis of the interaction of guanine nucleotides with eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF5B. Biochemistry 46:2622-9
Pisareva, Vera P; Pisarev, Andrey V; Hellen, Christopher U T et al. (2006) Kinetic analysis of interaction of eukaryotic release factor 3 with guanine nucleotides. J Biol Chem 281:40224-35
Alkalaeva, Elena Z; Pisarev, Andrey V; Frolova, Lyudmila Y et al. (2006) In vitro reconstitution of eukaryotic translation reveals cooperativity between release factors eRF1 and eRF3. Cell 125:1125-36
Kolupaeva, Victoria G; Unbehaun, Anett; Lomakin, Ivan B et al. (2005) Binding of eukaryotic initiation factor 3 to ribosomal 40S subunits and its role in ribosomal dissociation and anti-association. RNA 11:470-86
Pestova, Tatyana V; Hellen, Christopher U T (2005) Reconstitution of eukaryotic translation elongation in vitro following initiation by internal ribosomal entry. Methods 36:261-9
Pestova, Tatyana V; Lomakin, Ivan B; Hellen, Christopher U T (2004) Position of the CrPV IRES on the 40S subunit and factor dependence of IRES/80S ribosome assembly. EMBO Rep 5:906-13
Unbehaun, Anett; Borukhov, Sergei I; Hellen, Christopher U T et al. (2004) Release of initiation factors from 48S complexes during ribosomal subunit joining and the link between establishment of codon-anticodon base-pairing and hydrolysis of eIF2-bound GTP. Genes Dev 18:3078-93

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