The goal of this proposal is to investigate the mechanisms by which poly ADP-ribosylation (pADPr) of proteins regulates gene expression. The level of protein pADPr reflects the relative activities of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzyme, which utilizes NAD to create pADPr-modified proteins, and the poly(ADP-Ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) enzyme, which removes pADPr moieties. My studies in Drosophila first revealed vital roles for PARP protein in the establishment of silent chromatin domains as well as in the chromatin loosening and transcriptional activation of a subset of inducible chromosomal loci. Subsequently, increased expression of inactive PARP1 protein has been implicated in the formation of condensed and silent chromatin domains, whereas upon the stimulation of PARP enzymatic activity, chromatin decondenses and becomes transcriptionally active. At present, the main gaps in our understanding of the PARP1-dependent transcriptional regulation are (1) the mechanism of PARP protein targeting to specific chromatin domains, and (2) the mechanism of local PARP activation. In preliminary studies, we have successfully identified novel chromatin-associated PARP1 partners by use of a Tandem Affinity Purification (TAP) strategy together with sucrose gradient purification and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Candidate interactors arising from this approach were functionally analyzed for influence on PARP1, using standard genetic approaches combined with immunostaining and confocal microscopy. Based on this work, we have identified the variant histone H2Av as a protein that promotes targeting of PARP1 to chromatin. Recent studies of histone H2Av by other groups have suggested this protein triggers DNA repair, apoptosis and heterochromatin formation. Ser137- phosphorylated H2Av has been shown to co-localize with foci of local PARP1 activation in vivo. In this proposal, we will focus on two aspects of PARP1 targeting to chromatin. First, we will characterize the mechanism through which H2Av controls PARP1 protein incorporation to chromatin and regulates chromatin-directed PARP activity. Second, we will evaluate functions of the PARP1 protein domains, defining which specify PARP1 interactions with chromatin. We are will address these questions with the following specific aims:
Aim 1. To characterize the mechanism by which H2Av targets PARP1 to chromatin.
Aim 2. To determine the role of core histones in the PARP1 protein binding to chromatin.
Aim 3. To investigate the roles of automodification and phosphorylation in regulating PARP1 targeting to chromatin in vivo. Relevance to Public Health Statement: Understanding how an organism can utilize PARP protein ability to modulate chromatin and transcription will provide fundamental insight into genetic processes that are essential for growth, development, and pathogenesis.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01GM077452-02
Application #
7585788
Study Section
Molecular Genetics C Study Section (MGC)
Program Officer
Carter, Anthony D
Project Start
2008-03-15
Project End
2013-01-31
Budget Start
2009-02-01
Budget End
2010-01-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2009
Total Cost
$321,338
Indirect Cost
Name
Research Institute of Fox Chase Cancer Center
Department
Type
DUNS #
064367329
City
Philadelphia
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
19111
Ji, Yingbiao; Thomas, Colin; Tulin, Nikita et al. (2016) Charon Mediates Immune Deficiency-Driven PARP-1-Dependent Immune Responses in Drosophila. J Immunol 197:2382-9
Lodhi, Niraj; Kossenkov, Andrew V; Tulin, Alexei V (2014) Bookmarking promoters in mitotic chromatin: poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 as an epigenetic mark. Nucleic Acids Res 42:7028-38
Thomas, Colin J; Kotova, Elena; Andrake, Mark et al. (2014) Kinase-mediated changes in nucleosome conformation trigger chromatin decondensation via poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. Mol Cell 53:831-42
Kirsanov, Kirill I; Kotova, Elena; Makhov, Petr et al. (2014) Minor grove binding ligands disrupt PARP-1 activation pathways. Oncotarget 5:428-37
Thomas, Colin; Tulin, Alexei V (2013) Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase: machinery for nuclear processes. Mol Aspects Med 34:1124-37
Ji, Yingbiao; Jarnik, Michael; Tulin, Alexei V (2013) Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase and poly(ADP-ribose)-interacting protein Hrp38 regulate pattern formation during Drosophila eye development. Gene 526:187-94
Ji, Yingbiao; Tulin, Alexei V (2013) Post-transcriptional regulation by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of the RNA-binding proteins. Int J Mol Sci 14:16168-83
Boamah, Ernest K; Kotova, Elena; Garabedian, Mikael et al. (2012) Poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) regulates ribosomal biogenesis in Drosophila nucleoli. PLoS Genet 8:e1002442
Ji, Yingbiao; Tulin, Alexei V (2012) Poly(ADP-ribose) controls DE-cadherin-dependent stem cell maintenance and oocyte localization. Nat Commun 3:760
Kotova, Elena; Lodhi, Niraj; Jarnik, Michael et al. (2011) Drosophila histone H2A variant (H2Av) controls poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) activation in chromatin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:6205-10

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