Directed cell migration is required for single-celled organisms to hunt and mate, enables innate immune cells to seek and destroy pathogens, and is essential for the morphogenesis of multicellular organisms. Misregulation of cell migration is intimately involved in atherosclerosis and defective cardiac development. Though we are beginning to understand some of the key components involved in cell migration, we do not understand how these components act together to organize cell shape and movement. To address this question, we have analyzed the spatial dynamics of a key actin regulator the Scar/WAVE complex, which is required for morphogenesis in both metazoans and plants. We have recently discovered that the Hem-1 component of the Scar/WAVE complex localizes to propagating waves that appear to organize the leading edge of a motile immune cell, the human neutrophil. Curiously, actin is both an output and input to the Scar/WAVE complex: the complex stimulates actin assembly, and actin polymer is also required to remove the complex from the membrane. These reciprocal interactions appear to generate propagated waves of actin nucleation that embody many of the properties of morphogenesis in motile cells such as the ability of cells to flow around barriers and the intricate spatial organization of protrusion at the leading edge. Our central hypothesis is that the interaction between the Hem-1 wave generator and other signaling cues spatially organizes actin polymerization during cell migration. In this proposal, we will dissect the signals that organize Hem-1 wave dynamics and study their relationship to cell morphogenesis and directed motility. Specifically, we will: Quantitate the effect of external gradients on Hem-1 wave dynamics. We will quantitatively analyze Hem-1 wave dynamics during chemotaxis to test two competing hypotheses in the field-- whether generation of new protrusions or selection among existing ones is responsible for directional migration. 2. Dissect the reciprocal interactions between Rac and Hem-1. We are using both micropatterning and small molecule dimerizers to control the spatial and temporal dynamics of Rac and Hem-1 localization in living cells to dissect how these signals interact with one another. 3. Elucidate the role of the actin cytoskeleton in Hem-1 wave propagation. We will use a combination of actin perturbing drugs and targeted mislocalization of actin nucleation factors to investigate how actin polymer interfaces with Hem-1 wave dynamics. 4. Test role of Hem-1 in front/back crosstalk. We are using microfluidics-based drug perfusion and small-molecule based dimerization to spatially manipulate the signals involved in front (Rac/Hem-1) and back (Rho/myosin) organization to determine how these regulators of polarity communicate. PUBLIC HEALTH REVELANCE: Misregulation of actin polymerization and leukocyte migration are causative factors in heart disease. Leukocytes play a central role in atherosclerosis, and the motility circuit that we study is essential for angiogenesis and cardiovascular development. The ability to control cell migration would be a valuable tool for combating atherosclerosis and other pathological processes that occur upon disruption of cellular guidance mechanisms.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01GM084040-02
Application #
7618627
Study Section
Cell Structure and Function (CSF)
Program Officer
Deatherage, James F
Project Start
2008-06-01
Project End
2013-05-31
Budget Start
2009-06-01
Budget End
2010-05-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2009
Total Cost
$282,165
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California San Francisco
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
094878337
City
San Francisco
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
94143
Buckley, Clare E; Moore, Rachel E; Reade, Anna et al. (2016) Reversible Optogenetic Control of Subcellular Protein Localization in a Live Vertebrate Embryo. Dev Cell 36:117-126
Hoeller, Oliver; Toettcher, Jared E; Cai, Huaqing et al. (2016) G? Regulates Coupling between Actin Oscillators for Cell Polarity and Directional Migration. PLoS Biol 14:e1002381
Diz-Muñoz, Alba; Thurley, Kevin; Chintamen, Sana et al. (2016) Membrane Tension Acts Through PLD2 and mTORC2 to Limit Actin Network Assembly During Neutrophil Migration. PLoS Biol 14:e1002474
Lou, Sunny S; Diz-Muñoz, Alba; Weiner, Orion D et al. (2015) Myosin light chain kinase regulates cell polarization independently of membrane tension or Rho kinase. J Cell Biol 209:275-88
Jost, Anna Payne-Tobin; Weiner, Orion D (2015) Probing Yeast Polarity with Acute, Reversible, Optogenetic Inhibition of Protein Function. ACS Synth Biol 4:1077-85
Wu, Julie; Pipathsouk, Anne; Keizer-Gunnink, A et al. (2015) Homer3 regulates the establishment of neutrophil polarity. Mol Biol Cell 26:1629-39
Yu, Dan; Baird, Michelle A; Allen, John R et al. (2015) A naturally monomeric infrared fluorescent protein for protein labeling in vivo. Nat Methods 12:763-5
Genuth, Miriam A; Weiner, Orion D (2015) Cell Migration: Recoiling from an Embrace. Curr Biol 25:R566-8
Graziano, Brian R; Weiner, Orion D (2014) Self-organization of protrusions and polarity during eukaryotic chemotaxis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 30:60-7
Weiner, Orion D (2014) How should we be selecting our graduate students? Mol Biol Cell 25:429-30

Showing the most recent 10 out of 36 publications