A nanomicelle-forming amphiphile """"""""PTS"""""""" has been identified that allows for several Pd- and Ru-catalyzed cross-couplings to take place in water as the only solvent, and at room temperature, in high isolated yields. The new processes include Heck, Suzuki, Sonogashira, and olefin cross-metathesis reactions, where product isolation is especially facile. Several additional studies are planned based on the """"""""micellar effect."""""""" The notion of """"""""designer"""""""" surfactants applied to organometallic catalysis is advanced in this proposal, and represents a variable essentially overlooked by the synthetic community. This technology also is to be applied to other important cross-couplings, such as aminations and asymmetric additions of hydride to Michael acceptors, all in water at room temperature.
Selected common transition metal-catalyzed reactions normally run in organic solvents can be done in pure water using an inexpensive and readily available, nanoparticle- forming, additive. These reactions also benefit in that they can be conducted at room temperature, thus requiring no external input of energy. In a broader sense, the technology is potentially valuable as a contribution to green chemistry
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