A research program will be undertaken to study the role of histidine phosphorylation in eukaryotic cells. While protein phosphorylation is known to occur on several amino acids, it is fair to say that phosphoserine, phosphothreonine and phosphotyrosine capture most of the attention in the literature, at least as it pertains to cellular signaling in higher eukaryotes. This proposal turns the spotlight away from this group towards phosphohistidine (pHis). Phosphorylation of histidine is well recognized as being critical to signaling processes in prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes. However, pHis is becoming widely reported in mammalian signaling pathways and implicated in certain human disease states such as cancer and inflammation. Nonetheless, much remains to be understood about the role and extent of the modification in mammalian cell biology. Indeed, studying the functional role of pHis in signaling, either in vitro or in vivo, has proven devilishly hard, largely due to the instability of the modification. As a consequence, we are currently handicapped by a chronic lack of chemical and biochemical tools with which to study histidine phosphorylation. It is this problem that we seek to address in this research program. We have recently synthesized novel stable mimetics of pHis and used these to successfully raise the first antibodies against this modification in proteins. This breakthrough serves as the starting point for the proposed research program in which we will investigate the functional role of histidine phosphorylation on histone H4. It has long been known that histone H4 is phosphorylated on histidines 18 and 75. The precise role of this post-translational modification (PTM) is unknown, nor is the kinase that installs the PTM. A correlation exists between histone H4 histidine kinase activity and cell proliferation and, indeed, this activity is dramatically upregulated in certain cancer cells, specifically, in human hepato-carcinoma cells. We will use protein engineering methods in conjunction with a series of biochemical and biophysical approaches to test the hypothesis that histidine phosphorylation of H4 alters the compaction state of chromatin in a cell cycle dependent manner.
The specific aims of this proposal are: (i) To develop a suite of antibodies against pHis epitopes with uses in the area of chromatin biology and beyond;(ii) To characterize the H4 histidine kinase and to identify H4 pHis binding factors, and;(iii) To elucidate the functional and structural role of H4 histidine phosphorylation in chromatin. This research program is designed to provide much needed research tools for studying pHis in cellular signaling. With these in hand, we will take the first steps towards elucidating the role of this PTM in chromatin biology. We expect this work to lay the foundation for understanding the role of this generally overlooked PTM in epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, a long term goal of this program.

Public Health Relevance

This research program focuses on one of the most poorly understood protein post-translational modifications in eukaryotic cells, namely histidine phosphorylation (pHis). pHis is well known to play a central role in prokaryotic cell signaling processes, however, the modification also occurs in mammalian cells where it has been implicated in certain human disease states such as cancer and inflammation. Studying pHis is devilishly hard due to its chemical instability;indeed, there is a paucity of research tools that allow the full biology of this modification to be uncovered. This research program will address this pressing problem by providing a biochemical toolbox for studying the function of pHis both generally and, of more immediate interest to us, as it pertains to the regulation of chromatin, the repository of DNA in the nucleus of mammalian cells.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01GM095880-01
Application #
8024090
Study Section
Synthetic and Biological Chemistry B Study Section (SBCB)
Program Officer
Preusch, Peter C
Project Start
2010-12-15
Project End
2011-04-30
Budget Start
2010-12-15
Budget End
2011-04-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$98,686
Indirect Cost
Name
Rockefeller University
Department
Biochemistry
Type
Other Domestic Higher Education
DUNS #
071037113
City
New York
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10065
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Wang, Boyuan; Zhao, Aishan; Xie, Qian et al. (2017) Functional Plasticity of the AgrC Receptor Histidine Kinase Required for Staphylococcal Virulence. Cell Chem Biol 24:76-86
Wang, Boyuan; Muir, Tom W (2016) Regulation of Virulence in Staphylococcus aureus: Molecular Mechanisms and Remaining Puzzles. Cell Chem Biol 23:214-224
Wang, Boyuan; Zhao, Aishan; Novick, Richard P et al. (2015) Key driving forces in the biosynthesis of autoinducing peptides required for staphylococcal virulence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:10679-84
Kee, Jung-Min; Oslund, Rob C; Couvillon, Anthony D et al. (2015) A second-generation phosphohistidine analog for production of phosphohistidine antibodies. Org Lett 17:187-9
Johnson, Jeffrey G; Wang, Boyuan; Debelouchina, Galia T et al. (2015) Increasing AIP Macrocycle Size Reveals Key Features of agr Activation in Staphylococcus aureus. Chembiochem 16:1093-100
Oslund, Rob C; Kee, Jung-Min; Couvillon, Anthony D et al. (2014) A phosphohistidine proteomics strategy based on elucidation of a unique gas-phase phosphopeptide fragmentation mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 136:12899-911
Wang, Boyuan; Zhao, Aishan; Novick, Richard P et al. (2014) Activation and inhibition of the receptor histidine kinase AgrC occurs through opposite helical transduction motions. Mol Cell 53:929-40
Kee, Jung-Min; Oslund, Rob C; Perlman, David H et al. (2013) A pan-specific antibody for direct detection of protein histidine phosphorylation. Nat Chem Biol 9:416-21
Fierz, Beat; Kilic, Sinan; Hieb, Aaron R et al. (2012) Stability of nucleosomes containing homogenously ubiquitylated H2A and H2B prepared using semisynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 134:19548-51

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