Protein sulfenylation, the redox-based modification of cysteine thiol side chains by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), is an important mechanism in signal transduction. Dysregulated protein sulfenylation contributes to a range of human pathologies, including cancer. However, efforts to elucidate the diverse roles of protein sulfenylation in physiology and disease have, to date, suffered from a lack of techniques to probe these modifications in native environments. To address this problem, we have recently introduced a new chemical proteomic strategy to detect changes in protein sulfenylation directly in cells. To date, our preliminary studies have identified several novel intracellular protein targets of H2O2 during growth factor signaling, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Specifically, we have discovered that H2O2 directly modifies a cysteine residue within the ATP-binding site of EGFR, and that oxidation stimulates its tyrosine kinase activity, though the biochemical mechanism for this effect remains to be fully elucidated. In this proposal, we will apply our suite of chemical probes and analytical tools to address four major questions of high significance to the fields of redox signaling, chemical biology, and cancer.
Aim 1 of the proposal will define the molecular mechanism by which sulfenylation of EGFR regulates its kinase activity. To identify features that dictate selectivity in H2O2-mediated signaling, we will examine sulfenylation, localization, and enzyme activity of EGFR-targeted protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in Aim 2. We will evaluate additional targets of intracellular H2O2 generated in response to growth factors using target-based and chemical reporter/proteomic methods in Aim 3. While sulfenylation is a reversible modification in cells, the factors that recycle sulfenylated proteinsto their reduced thiol form (RSH) are largely ill defined. We will test candidate reductases responsible for reversible sulfenylation in Aim 4. The development and application of our chemical tools in cells provides an unprecedented opportunity to elucidate mechanisms that govern sulfenylation of proteins. Given that aberrant sulfenylation of proteins has been linked to aggressive cancer phenotypes and that genetic lesions in H2O2-metabolizing enzymes can contribute to tumorigenesis, defining the mechanisms that control reversible protein sulfenylation is vital for understanding human physiology and disease. We anticipate that these studies will define how sulfenylation of proteins regulates signaling networks that underlie cell growth and identify key enzymes that controls desulfenylation. Ultimately, this will facilitate the identification of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer, as well as produce methodological advances that expand the scope and utility of proteomic technologies for biological and biomedical discoveries.

Public Health Relevance

The proposed research is relevant to public health because the discovery of cellular mechanisms that regulate physiological protein sulfenylation is ultimately expected to increase our understanding of the pathophysiology associated with oxidative stress and abnormal H2O2-based signal transduction, with translational potential for clinical medicine in the key areas of disease diagnosis, patient stratification, and monitoring efficacy in the new era of redox-based therapeutics. Thus, the proposed research is relevant to the part of NIH's mission that pertains to developing fundamental knowledge that will help to foster fundamental discoveries, innovative research strategies, and their applications as a basis for ultimately protecting and improving health.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01GM102187-04
Application #
8839790
Study Section
Macromolecular Structure and Function E Study Section (MSFE)
Program Officer
Barski, Oleg
Project Start
2012-08-01
Project End
2017-04-30
Budget Start
2015-05-01
Budget End
2017-04-30
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Scripps Florida
Department
Type
DUNS #
148230662
City
Jupiter
State
FL
Country
United States
Zip Code
33458
Akter, Salma; Fu, Ling; Jung, Youngeun et al. (2018) Chemical proteomics reveals new targets of cysteine sulfinic acid reductase. Nat Chem Biol 14:995-1004
Gupta, Vinayak; Yang, Jing; Liebler, Daniel C et al. (2017) Diverse Redoxome Reactivity Profiles of Carbon Nucleophiles. J Am Chem Soc 139:5588-5595
Garcia, Francisco J; Carroll, Kate S (2016) An immunochemical approach to detect oxidized protein tyrosine phosphatases using a selective C-nucleophile tag. Mol Biosyst 12:1790-8
Gupta, Vinayak; Paritala, Hanumantharao; Carroll, Kate S (2016) Reactivity, Selectivity, and Stability in Sulfenic Acid Detection: A Comparative Study of Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Probes. Bioconjug Chem 27:1411-8
Yang, Jing; Carroll, Kate S; Liebler, Daniel C (2016) The Expanding Landscape of the Thiol Redox Proteome. Mol Cell Proteomics 15:1-11
Gupta, Vinayak; Carroll, Kate S (2016) Rational design of reversible and irreversible cysteine sulfenic acid-targeted linear C-nucleophiles. Chem Commun (Camb) 52:3414-7
Gupta, Vinayak; Carroll, Kate S (2016) Profiling the Reactivity of Cyclic C-Nucleophiles towards Electrophilic Sulfur in Cysteine Sulfenic Acid. Chem Sci 7:400-415
Truong, Thu H; Ung, Peter Man-Un; Palde, Prakash B et al. (2016) Molecular Basis for Redox Activation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Kinase. Cell Chem Biol 23:837-848
Brewer, Thomas F; Garcia, Francisco J; Onak, Carl S et al. (2015) Chemical approaches to discovery and study of sources and targets of hydrogen peroxide redox signaling through NADPH oxidase proteins. Annu Rev Biochem 84:765-90
Akter, Salma; Huang, Jingjing; Bodra, Nandita et al. (2015) DYn-2 Based Identification of Arabidopsis Sulfenomes. Mol Cell Proteomics 14:1183-200

Showing the most recent 10 out of 35 publications