. Gram-negative bacteria have caused many of the most persistent infections as well as some of the deadliest pandemics in the world. Some strains have developed resistant to all available drugs, thus leading to increasing mortality from previously treatable bacterial infections. The National Strategy for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria released by the White House in September 2014 focused on the need for (i) advancing the development of methods for identification and characterization of bacteria, (ii) accelerating basic research for new antibiotics, and (iii) improving capabilities for surveillance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This proposal focuses on the development of innovative tandem mass spectrometry approaches for characterization of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the primary constituent of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria that protects the membrane from chemical attack and is recognized by the immune system during pathogenic invasion. Structural characterization of LPS is critical to understanding how the structure of LPS influences immune stimulation as well as facilitating development of new antimicrobials and vaccines. This is a significant analytical challenge due to the branched structures and amphipathic properties of LPS. The escalating concerns about antibiotic resistance bacteria and the need for better avenues of defense against infectious diseases have motivated the proposed work. The objectives of this proposal are:
Aim 1 : Development of ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) mass spectrometry via hierarchical, decision-tree workflows for top-down characterization of LPS to facilitate high throughput analysis;
Aim 2 : Development of MS/MS approaches for serotyping of Gram-negative bacteria based on LPS;
Aim 3 : Examination of peptide/LPS interactions via native-spray mass spectrometry to provide both mechanistic information and screening capabilities for new antimicrobials, and Aim 4: Applications to a variety of structural problems related to the biosynthesis of LPS in Gram- negative bacteria and characterization of hybrid O-antigen/lipid A molecules in vesicle-based vaccines. We have established a new collaboration with Dr. Bryan Davies' group to develop mass spectrometry methods to characterize peptide/lipid A interactions in support of the hunt for better antimicrobials. The continued collaboration with Dr. Stephen Trent's group emphasizes: (i) approaches for deciphering the biosynthetic pathways of bacterial LPS that endow them with the remarkable ability to re-design their outer membranes and develop antibiotic resistance, and (ii) innovative vaccine design based on antigenic LPS in vesicles.

Public Health Relevance

Gram-negative bacteria are responsible for some of the deadliest and more widespread pandemics in the world. The proposed work focuses on the development of advanced mass spectrometry approaches for characterization of complex lipopolysaccharides, including the endotoxic lipid A domains, that comprise the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The proposed work will be applied to evaluate new antimicrobials and support development of hybrid vaccines.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01GM103655-06
Application #
9320998
Study Section
Enabling Bioanalytical and Imaging Technologies Study Section (EBIT)
Program Officer
Krepkiy, Dmitriy
Project Start
2012-09-18
Project End
2020-08-31
Budget Start
2017-09-01
Budget End
2018-08-31
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
2017
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Texas Austin
Department
Chemistry
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
170230239
City
Austin
State
TX
Country
United States
Zip Code
78759
Klein, Dustin R; Feider, Clara L; Garza, Kyana Y et al. (2018) Desorption Electrospray Ionization Coupled with Ultraviolet Photodissociation for Characterization of Phospholipid Isomers in Tissue Sections. Anal Chem 90:10100-10104
Crittenden, Christopher M; Morrison, Lindsay J; Fitzpatrick, Mignon D et al. (2018) Towards mapping electrostatic interactions between Kdo2-lipid A and cationic antimicrobial peptides via ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry. Analyst 143:3607-3618
Crittenden, Christopher M; Herrera, Carmen M; Williams, Peggy E et al. (2018) Mapping phosphate modifications of substituted lipid A via a targeted MS3 CID/UVPD strategy. Analyst 143:3091-3099
Klein, Dustin R; Brodbelt, Jennifer S (2017) Structural Characterization of Phosphatidylcholines Using 193 nm Ultraviolet Photodissociation Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 89:1516-1522
Williams, Peggy E; Klein, Dustin R; Greer, Sylvester M et al. (2017) Pinpointing Double Bond and sn-Positions in Glycerophospholipids via Hybrid 193 nm Ultraviolet Photodissociation (UVPD) Mass Spectrometry. J Am Chem Soc 139:15681-15690
Crittenden, Christopher M; Akin, Lucas D; Morrison, Lindsay J et al. (2017) Characterization of Lipid A Variants by Energy-Resolved Mass Spectrometry: Impact of Acyl Chains. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 28:1118-1126
Morrison, Lindsay J; Parker, W Ryan; Holden, Dustin D et al. (2016) UVliPiD: A UVPD-Based Hierarchical Approach for De Novo Characterization of Lipid A Structures. Anal Chem 88:1812-20
Klein, Dustin R; Holden, Dustin D; Brodbelt, Jennifer S (2016) Shotgun Analysis of Rough-Type Lipopolysaccharides Using Ultraviolet Photodissociation Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 88:1044-51
Brodbelt, Jennifer S (2016) Ion Activation Methods for Peptides and Proteins. Anal Chem 88:30-51
Boll, Joseph M; Tucker, Ashley T; Klein, Dustin R et al. (2015) Reinforcing Lipid A Acylation on the Cell Surface of Acinetobacter baumannii Promotes Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide Resistance and Desiccation Survival. MBio 6:e00478-15

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