A fundamental aspect of all biological processes is gene expression, which is controlled at a variety of levels, the first step being transcription. Transcription is regulated not only by sequence-specific factors such as activators and repressors, but also by the underlying chromatin structure of the chromosomal DNA. This structure is determined by various chromatin remodeling pathways. Genes encoding regulators of chromatin remodeling pathways are frequently mutated in human cancers. Perturbation of chromatin regulators promotes cancer progression in part by reverting the `on' or `off' chromatin states committed during tissue development to a poised, stem-like state, thereby increasing gene expression plasticity that enables cancer cells to evolve and adapt. Histone H2A.Z is an important chromatin regulator that poises genes for transcription. It is inserted into nucleosomes immediately downstream of the promoters of most genes. Hyper-accumulation of H2A.Z makes cancer cells more invasive and is linked with poor prognosis in cancer patients. Using the budding yeast model system, I previously demonstrated that the highly conserved, ATP- dependent remodeler SWR replaces nucleosomal H2A with H2A.Z in a unidirectional manner in vitro. During the current funding period, my lab found that H2A.Z is subjected to rapid turnover at both actively and infrequently transcribed genes and that the transcription machinery targets H2A.Z nucleosomes for disassembly in vivo. In addition, we developed a novel method for globally determining the levels of H2A.Z and H2A-containing nucleosomes in yeast and human cells called VivosX. This proposal will extend this work to (1) dissect the molecular mechanisms by which the SWR chromatin remodeling enzyme inserts H2A.Z into specific sites on chromatin and (2) elucidate the molecular events at promoters after H2A.Z insertion. This knowledge may ultimately reveal molecular targets for drugs that can counteract the aberrant levels of H2A.Z in cancer cells.
Chromatin structure and organization profoundly influence gene expression which ultimately controls normal cell proliferation and cellular differentiation in humans. Mutations in genes functioning in chromatin remodeling are found associated with numerous human tumors. This grant is focused on understanding the cellular processes that remodel chromatin in response to gene expression. The outcome of this research could potentially lead to new targets for therapeutic intervention.
| Chen, Xiangyu; Gaglione, Robert; Leong, Trevor et al. (2018) Mek1 coordinates meiotic progression with DNA break repair by directly phosphorylating and inhibiting the yeast pachytene exit regulator Ndt80. PLoS Genet 14:e1007832 |
| Mohan, Chitra; Kim, Lisa M; Hollar, Nicole et al. (2018) VivosX, a disulfide crosslinking method to capture site-specific, protein-protein interactions in yeast and human cells. Elife 7: |
| Sun, Lu; Luk, Ed (2017) Dual function of Swc5 in SWR remodeling ATPase activation and histone H2A eviction. Nucleic Acids Res 45:9931-9946 |
| Tramantano, Michael; Sun, Lu; Au, Christy et al. (2016) Constitutive turnover of histone H2A.Z at yeast promoters requires the preinitiation complex. Elife 5: |
