The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) comprise a cellular machinery conserved from yeast to man. ESCRTs function in the biogenesis of late endosomal multivesicular bodies (MVBs) by executing the formation of intralumenal vesicles (ILVs), which bud directly from the endosomal membrane toward the lumen of the compartment. ILVs perform a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by carrying unneeded, damaged, or dangerous transmembrane proteins to be degraded in the hydrolytic interior of the lysosome upon endolysosomal fusion. Dysfunction of the ESCRT-III complex has been linked to neurodegenerative disease, and its exploitation is essential for the spread of HIV-1 and other retroviruses as well as certain bacterial pathogens. In vitro studies have shown that ESCRT-III catalyzes membrane scission in the ILV budding pathway at MVBs. The objective of this research is to determine the regulatory mechanisms that control ESCRT-III activity in vivo, using the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system. The central hypothesis is that ESCRT-III activity is regulated in vivo by proteins that control the assembly and disassembly of this complex. This research will study how the structure and function of ESCRT-III is impacted in yeast by proteins that regulate assembly and disassembly of the complex. The methodology to be used includes electron microscopy, light microscopy, protein biochemistry, and functional assays. The rationale for this research is that the regulation of ESCRT-III must be defined if therapeutic strategies are to be developed that will treat ESCRT-III dysfunction or combat exploitations of ESCRT-III by human pathogens. Using yeast as a model system to understand this regulation is directly relevant to human health because the mechanism of ESCRT-III function is highly conserved. With respect to expected outcomes, it is anticipated that completion of this research will reveal the core, broadly conserved mechanisms that regulate ESCRT-III activity. Such results are expected to have an important positive impact because they will yield fundamental insight into a poorly understood regulatory step in the endocytic pathway, reveal potential targets for the prevention and treatment of diseases linked to ESCRT-III, and inspire new and innovative approaches to understand the mechanisms of ESCRT-III function.

Public Health Relevance

This research seeks to use the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system to understand mechanisms that regulate activity of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport-III (ESCRT-III). ESCRT-III activity mediates the budding of intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) at endosomes, and this process is conserved from yeast to humans. This research is directly relevant to understanding the mechanistic basis for human diseases and pathogenic infections that are linked to ESCRT-III dysfunction.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01GM111335-04
Application #
9326309
Study Section
Membrane Biology and Protein Processing Study Section (MBPP)
Program Officer
Maas, Stefan
Project Start
2014-09-01
Project End
2019-08-31
Budget Start
2017-09-01
Budget End
2019-08-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2017
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Colorado at Boulder
Department
Biochemistry
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
007431505
City
Boulder
State
CO
Country
United States
Zip Code
80303
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Johnson, Natalie; West, Matt; Odorizzi, Greg (2017) Regulation of yeast ESCRT-III membrane scission activity by the Doa4 ubiquitin hydrolase. Mol Biol Cell 28:661-672
Shideler, Tess; Nickerson, Daniel P; Merz, Alexey J et al. (2015) Ubiquitin binding by the CUE domain promotes endosomal localization of the Rab5 GEF Vps9. Mol Biol Cell 26:1345-56
Odorizzi, Greg (2015) Membrane manipulations by the ESCRT machinery. F1000Res 4:516
Mageswaran, Shrawan Kumar; Johnson, Natalie K; Odorizzi, Greg et al. (2015) Constitutively active ESCRT-II suppresses the MVB-sorting phenotype of ESCRT-0 and ESCRT-I mutants. Mol Biol Cell 26:554-68