High quality, real-time data is essential in public health crises. Yet, traditional survey methods that rely on random-digit-dialing are expensive, difficult to deploy instantly, and fail to sample hard-to-reach populations without landline telephones, such as young adults (18-30) and minorities. In contrast, these groups heavily use social media. Twitter, in particular, is widely available and immediate, providing a rich data source that can be used to pilot hypotheses at minimal cost. These hypotheses can then be modified prior to a more in-depth study. Social media data pose challenges for public health officials and researchers who aim to test new hypotheses and policies. These challenges are related to the size of the dataset and the difficulty filtering and validating these data. We will therefore develop and test an innovative computational tool that overcomes these challenges. This tool will supplement traditional survey techniques by facilitating real-time data gathering and rigorous quantitative analysis of social media data related to health narratives, attitudes, and behaviors. We will validate our tool by comparing existing survey data to social media data about influenza vaccination among adults 18-30, adult African Americans, and non-White Hispanics of all ages - three demographic categories with the highest rates of social media use, lower rates of participation in survey research, and lowest rates of seasonal flu vaccination. Thus, our tool will enable theory building. We will test hypotheses derived from the health communication literature, especially regarding how group attitudes form and change, categorize attitudes and collective narratives by existing theories and conceptual models, and build new theory to capture emerging and previously unidentified concepts. Finally, we disseminate our results and novel techniques using a website, vaccinetrends.org, that provides processed social media data to the research community. Our approach offers inexpensive, immediate access to the attitudes of these groups, transcending traditional constraints of time, money, and data access. Our approach is novel because it combines the strengths of social media analysis with those of validated survey techniques. We will draw upon two complementary population samples, representing different timescales and demographics, in order to test hypotheses in a manner that is rapid yet rigorous. In addition, our social media analysis will draw upon novel techniques to infer demographic information and social group membership, enabling the extraction of master narratives - attitudes and content that are associated with rationales for vaccine refusal and, ultimately, behavior. In addition, we will develop tools and techniques that can be adopted by researchers throughout the social, computer, and health sciences. Finally, we draw upon a much more extensive data source than has been found in previous work, including billions of Twitter messages and public forum information that will enable in-depth automated content analysis of vaccine refusal rationales.

Public Health Relevance

This project addresses challenges that social media data pose for public health officials and researchers who aim to test new hypotheses and policies. These challenges are related to the size of the dataset and the difficulty filtering and validating these data. The proposed studies will develop, test, and validate an innovative computational tool that will supplement traditional survey techniques by facilitating real-time data gathering an rigorous quantitative analysis of social media data related to health narratives, attitudes, and behaviors.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01GM114771-01
Application #
8801020
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-HDM-Q (55))
Program Officer
Gregurick, Susan
Project Start
2015-02-01
Project End
2020-01-31
Budget Start
2015-02-01
Budget End
2016-01-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
$295,945
Indirect Cost
$55,746
Name
George Washington University
Department
Engineering (All Types)
Type
Schools of Engineering
DUNS #
043990498
City
Washington
State
DC
Country
United States
Zip Code
20052
Chen, Tao; Dredze, Mark (2018) Vaccine Images on Twitter: Analysis of What Images are Shared. J Med Internet Res 20:e130
Broniatowski, David A; Reyna, Valerie F (2018) A formal model of fuzzy-trace theory: Variations on framing effects and the Allais paradox. Decision (Wash D C ) 5:205-252
Broniatowski, David A; Jamison, Amelia M; Qi, SiHua et al. (2018) Weaponized Health Communication: Twitter Bots and Russian Trolls Amplify the Vaccine Debate. Am J Public Health 108:1378-1384
Lama, Yuki; Chen, Tao; Dredze, Mark et al. (2018) Discordance Between Human Papillomavirus Twitter Images and Disparities in Human Papillomavirus Risk and Disease in the United States: Mixed-Methods Analysis. J Med Internet Res 20:e10244
Broniatowski, David A (2018) Do design decisions depend on ""dictators""? Res Eng Des 29:67-85
Broniatowski, David A; Klein, Eili Y; May, Larissa et al. (2018) Patients' and Clinicians' Perceptions of Antibiotic Prescribing for Upper Respiratory Infections in the Acute Care Setting. Med Decis Making 38:547-561
Broniatowski, David A; Magee, Christopher L (2017) The Emergence and Collapse of Knowledge Boundaries. IEEE Trans Eng Manag 64:337-350
Klein, Eili Y; Martinez, Elena M; May, Larissa et al. (2017) Categorical Risk Perception Drives Variability in Antibiotic Prescribing in the Emergency Department: A Mixed Methods Observational Study. J Gen Intern Med 32:1083-1089
Broniatowski, David A; Hilyard, Karen M; Dredze, Mark (2016) Effective vaccine communication during the disneyland measles outbreak. Vaccine 34:3225-8
Dredze, Mark; Broniatowski, David A; Smith, Michael C et al. (2016) Understanding Vaccine Refusal: Why We Need Social Media Now. Am J Prev Med 50:550-552

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