The long-term objective of this project is to understand the life cycle of dsDNA viruses through study of the molecular mechanisms by which their virions assemble and function. The group of viruses chosen for this study, the tailed bacteriophages, have direct human medical importance since they are the most abundant 'life form'on Earth and they have huge importance in bacterial pathogenicity and microbial ecology. They also serve as very important models for similar processes in less experimentally accessible eukaryotic viruses such as Herpesviruses, Iridopoxviruses and Adenoviruses. Thus the proposed research is relevant to human health. The P22 bacteriophage and its close relatives that are utilized in this project constitute one of the most genetically and biochemicall well-characterized virus systems, and so are ideal for obtaining new knowledge about the assembly and function of virus particles. This type of virus first assembles a protein shell, calle a procapsid, and then inserts the dsDNA chromosome into this shell to form a virion. The P22 procapsid contains three critical polypeptides, a coat protein that forms the external shell, an internal scaffolding protein that is required to build the procapsid but leaves before DNA enters, and a portal protein that forms a channel through which DNA enters the coat protein shell. A virus-encoded ATP cleavage driven DNA translocase (called 'terminase') interacts with procapsids and is central to the DNA recognition and entry processes. The DNA translocase and the procapsid with its scaffold are central features of the assembly strategy of most if not al large dsDNA viruses;however, many features of their assembly and function remain unknown. The role of the scaffolding protein in procapsid assembly is one focus of this proposal. It guides coat protein's assembly into a closed shell by co-assembling with it, and it recruits other protein into the structure. After co-assembly with coat protein to form procapsids, scaffolding protein is released from the procapsid before the DNA insertion step, and so it functions catalytically in virion assembly. The other focuses of the proposal are aimed at understanding the structure and function of the components of the DNA packaging and injection molecular machines which include the terminase DNA packaging motor and proteins that are injected into cells with the DNA.
The aims of the project will be pursued through a combination of genetic, biochemical, biophysical and structural analysis strategies.

Public Health Relevance

Virus particles are molecular machines that deliver their nucleic acid into specific target cells. Thus, understanding how virus particles are assembled and function is central to understanding the molecular aspects of viral infection. The aim of this work is to utilize the bacteriophage P22 system to study the mechanism by which viral precursor structures (procapsids) are built, the mechanism of viral dsDNA chromosome packaging into the procapsid, and the mechanism of DNA delivery from virus particles into target bacterial cells.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
9R01GM114817-06A1
Application #
8628512
Study Section
Prokaryotic Cell and Molecular Biology Study Section (PCMB)
Program Officer
Sakalian, Michael
Project Start
2008-03-01
Project End
2018-08-31
Budget Start
2014-09-01
Budget End
2015-08-31
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Utah
Department
Pathology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
City
Salt Lake City
State
UT
Country
United States
Zip Code
84112
Gilcrease, Eddie B; Casjens, Sherwood R (2018) The genome sequence of Escherichia coli tailed phage D6 and the diversity of Enterobacteriales circular plasmid prophages. Virology 515:203-214
Bohm, Kaitlynne; Porwollik, Steffen; Chu, Weiping et al. (2018) Genes affecting progression of bacteriophage P22 infection in Salmonella identified by transposon and single gene deletion screens. Mol Microbiol 108:288-305
Casjens, Sherwood R; Di, Lia; Akther, Saymon et al. (2018) Primordial origin and diversification of plasmids in Lyme disease agent bacteria. BMC Genomics 19:218
Bhattacharjee, Ananda Shankar; Motlagh, Amir Mohaghegh; Gilcrease, Eddie B et al. (2017) Complete genome sequence of lytic bacteriophage RG-2014 that infects the multidrug resistant bacterium Delftia tsuruhatensis ARB-1. Stand Genomic Sci 12:82
Motlagh, Amir Mohaghegh; Bhattacharjee, Ananda S; Coutinho, Felipe H et al. (2017) Insights of Phage-Host Interaction in Hypersaline Ecosystem through Metagenomics Analyses. Front Microbiol 8:352
Leavitt, Justin C; Heitkamp, Alexandra J; Bhattacharjee, Ananda S et al. (2017) Genome Sequence ofEscherichia coliTailed Phage Utah. Genome Announc 5:
Casjens, Sherwood R; Gilcrease, Eddie B; Vujadinovic, Marija et al. (2017) Plasmid diversity and phylogenetic consistency in the Lyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferi. BMC Genomics 18:165
Casjens, Sherwood R; Grose, Julianne H (2016) Contributions of P2- and P22-like prophages to understanding the enormous diversity and abundance of tailed bacteriophages. Virology 496:255-276
Bhardwaj, Anshul; Sankhala, Rajeshwer S; Olia, Adam S et al. (2016) Structural Plasticity of the Protein Plug That Traps Newly Packaged Genomes in Podoviridae Virions. J Biol Chem 291:215-26
Wu, Weimin; Leavitt, Justin C; Cheng, Naiqian et al. (2016) Localization of the Houdinisome (Ejection Proteins) inside the Bacteriophage P22 Virion by Bubblegram Imaging. MBio 7:

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