Transcriptional enhancers, promoters and insulators are key gene regulatory elements that play important roles in the control of cell state and development, and variation in these elements has been implicated in many diseases. Interactions between enhancers and promoters generally occur within insulated neighborhoods, which are DNA loops that encompass enhancers and their target genes, formed by the interaction of two CTCF-bound sites together with cohesin. This structuring of the genome into insulated neighborhoods, which are components of Topologically Associating Domains, is essential for proper control of gene expression programs and cell identity; disease-associated variants often affect enhancer, promoter or insulator sites. Gaps in our knowledge of the factors that contribute to the structure the genome limit our understanding of the mechanisms by which these elements contribute to specific cell states in health and disease. We hypothesize that additional novel protein and RNA factors contribute to specific enhancer-promoter interactions and insulator element interactions, and have preliminary evidence supporting this concept. The goals of this proposal are to identify and characterize novel factors that structure enhancers, promoters and insulators, to decipher how they contribute to global gene control, and to determine whether disease-associated variants in enhancer, promoter and insulator elements impact gene control through these novel components. To accomplish these goals, the specific aims of the proposal are: 1) Identify and characterize DNA structuring proteins that contribute to enhancer-promoter interactions and insulator-element interactions, 2) Investigate the potential role of RNA in enhancer- promoter interactions and in insulator element interactions, and 3) Identify genomic variants that alter binding of structuring factors to enhancers, promoters and insulators. Improved understanding of the regulatory factors that structure these gene regulatory elements should continue to produce new insights into the control of cell state, reveal the key themes that operate to control gene expression programs in mammalian cell types, and produce new insights into disease mechanisms.

Public Health Relevance

Our research addresses the fundamental problem of how genome structure regulates gene expression programs. Improved understanding of regulation of gene expression in human cells will reveal how normal cell identity is controlled and should produce new insights into disease mechanisms.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
9R01GM123511-14
Application #
9306481
Study Section
Molecular Genetics A Study Section (MGA)
Program Officer
Sledjeski, Darren D
Project Start
2003-05-02
Project End
2021-06-30
Budget Start
2017-07-01
Budget End
2018-06-30
Support Year
14
Fiscal Year
2017
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research
Department
Type
DUNS #
120989983
City
Cambridge
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02142
Schuijers, Jurian; Manteiga, John Colonnese; Weintraub, Abraham Selby et al. (2018) Transcriptional Dysregulation of MYC Reveals Common Enhancer-Docking Mechanism. Cell Rep 23:349-360
Liu, X Shawn; Wu, Hao; Krzisch, Marine et al. (2018) Rescue of Fragile X Syndrome Neurons by DNA Methylation Editing of the FMR1 Gene. Cell 172:979-992.e6
Eliades, Philip; Abraham, Brian J; Ji, Zhenyu et al. (2018) High MITF Expression Is Associated with Super-Enhancers and Suppressed by CDK7 Inhibition in Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 138:1582-1590
Sabari, Benjamin R; Dall'Agnese, Alessandra; Boija, Ann et al. (2018) Coactivator condensation at super-enhancers links phase separation and gene control. Science 361:
Boija, Ann; Klein, Isaac A; Sabari, Benjamin R et al. (2018) Transcription Factors Activate Genes through the Phase-Separation Capacity of Their Activation Domains. Cell 175:1842-1855.e16
Weintraub, Abraham S; Li, Charles H; Zamudio, Alicia V et al. (2017) YY1 Is a Structural Regulator of Enhancer-Promoter Loops. Cell 171:1573-1588.e28