Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6N-3) is a major component of neural and retinal membranes. Limited accumulation is associated with learning and visual acuity deficits. DHA is transmitted from mother to the fetus/infant in the last intrauterine trimester and in milk. Premature infants may receive neither form of maternal DHA, have poor DHA stores and limited DHA synthesis from linolenic acid. Nonphysiological declines in RBC DHA occur following early delivery unless DHA is fed (human milk, fish oil). Lipid supplementation studies carried out in the Newborn Center at the University of Tennessee, Memphis will be directed toward assessing the role of specific n-6 and n-3 containing lipids in membrane biochemistry, visual acuity, recognition memory, granulocyte response to stimuli and airway function. In 1987, 195 infants in this birthweight category were discharged live from the unit. A nutrition team assures consistent unit management. 1) Preterm infants at low risk for poor developmental outcomes will be randomized to receive formula with and without DHA when >110 kcal/kg/d from formula is tolerated. Biochemical and functional followup will occur to 92 wks with assessment of plasma and red blood cell phospholipid fatty acids,k tocopherol and retinol by chromatographic techniques, retinol- binding protein by radialimmunodiffusion at enrollment, 40, 48, 57, 69, 79 and 92 wks postconception; visual acuity (Teller acuity cards) at 40, 48, 57, 69, 79 and 92 wks; recognition memory (Fagan infantest for cognitive function) at 69, 79, and 92 wks, and Bayley Mental and Physical Development (MDI/PDI) at 92 wks. Stepwise regression will include biochemical (n-3 fatty acids, retinol, -tocopherol, retinol-binding protein) and maternal/ neonatal/perinatal variables such as birth wt, gestational age, age at enrollment, O2, ventilatory support, maternal age and gravida. Ophthalmic screening will identify infants with myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, aniosometria or strabismus precluding binocular testing. 2) Soybean phosphatidylcholine and reduced ratios of eicosapentaenoate (EPA, 20:5n-3) to DHA will be fed and their effects on PMN leukocyte composition and function studied. 3) The effect of n-3 supplementation immediately after birth on respiratory function/biochemistry will be studied in very small premature infants (<1000 g birth wt) who are at greatest risk for chronic lung disease. Their n-3 status is very poor. Evidence suggests that polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially fish oil DNA and EPA, could protect against lung damage induced by artificial ventilation and oxygen administration. DHA administration in intravenous lipid and formula will begin within 48-72 hrs after birth. In 1987, 77 of 139 inborn infants (55%^) weighing less than 1000 g at birth were discharged live from the UT, Memphis, Newborn Center.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HD031329-06
Application #
2203804
Study Section
Nutrition Study Section (NTN)
Project Start
1990-01-01
Project End
1997-08-31
Budget Start
1995-09-01
Budget End
1996-08-31
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
1995
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Department
Pediatrics
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
941884009
City
Memphis
State
TN
Country
United States
Zip Code
38163
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Carlson, S E; Ford, A J; Werkman, S H et al. (1996) Visual acuity and fatty acid status of term infants fed human milk and formulas with and without docosahexaenoate and arachidonate from egg yolk lecithin. Pediatr Res 39:882-8
Carlson, S E (1996) Arachidonic acid status of human infants: influence of gestational age at birth and diets with very long chain n-3 and n-6 fatty acids. J Nutr 126:1092S-8S
Carlson, S E; Werkman, S H; Tolley, E A (1996) Effect of long-chain n-3 fatty acid supplementation on visual acuity and growth of preterm infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Clin Nutr 63:687-97
Carlson, S E; Werkman, S H (1996) A randomized trial of visual attention of preterm infants fed docosahexaenoic acid until two months. Lipids 31:85-90
Werkman, S H; Carlson, S E (1996) A randomized trial of visual attention of preterm infants fed docosahexaenoic acid until nine months. Lipids 31:91-7
Rajaram, S; Carlson, S E; Koo, W W et al. (1995) Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein 3 during the first year in term and preterm infants. Pediatr Res 37:581-5
Rajaram, S; Carlson, S E; Koo, W W et al. (1995) Plasma mineral concentrations in preterm infants fed a nutrient-enriched formula after hospital discharge. J Pediatr 126:791-6
Carlson, S E (1994) Lessons learned from randomizing infants to marine oil-supplemented formulas in nutrition trials. J Pediatr 125:S33-8