It is estimated that as many as 150,000 women per year in the United States undergo a trial of labor after a previous cesarean section. With continuing efforts to reduce the cesarean section rate in the United States, this number is likely to continue to rise dramatically. Although this procedure is generally believed to be safe, there is a small risk of uterine rupture in these women. Uterine rupture is a potentially catastrophic complication for both mother and neonate, with estimates of maternal mortality as high as 1.6% and estimates of neonatal mortality as high as 25%. The existing data on the incidence of uterine rupture are suspect, mainly due to imprecise and non-quantitative case definitions. In contrast, there is evidence to suggest that the incidence of uterine rupture in this group is rising, possibly due to changing indications and management of such patients. Additionally, there has been only one study to evaluate risk factors for uterine rupture. That study focused mainly on the labor characteristics of such patients, and did not attempt to predict which patients are at greatest risk for rupture.
The Specific Aims are to: 1) determine the incidence of uterine rupture in a cohort of patients with a history of a prior cesarean section who are subsequently attempting a vaginal delivery; 2) define risk factors for the occurrence of uterine rupture in women with a prior cesarean section who are attempting a vaginal delivery; this will be addressed by examining a case-control study nested within the cohort; the relationship between patient parameters and other clinical factors and the risk of uterine rupture will be assessed. 3) utilize the results of the case-control study to develop a clinical predictive index to define groups of patients at high risk of uterine rupture among women with a prior cesarean section, but who are now attempting a vaginal delivery. This predictive index is intended to help clinicians decide whether to offer a patient with a prior cesarean section an attempt at a vaginal delivery, based on the risk of uterine rupture to that patient. 4) define factors associated with the decision by which a patient is offered a trial of labor, by utilizing a case-control design. The methods to be employed include: 1) performance of a retrospective cohort study to determine precisely the incidence of uterine rupture in women attempting a trial of labor after a prior cesarean section; 2) patients undergoing trials of labor after a prior cesarean section will be identified by an ICD code for """"""""previous cesarean delivery, delivered"""""""" in the years 1990-1996; 3) the medical records both of cases of uterine rupture and of a random sample of non-cases will then be reviewed in detail and data from these groups will be compared. The primary analyses of these case-control data will include unadjusted analysis and multivariable explanatory models, to provide insight into the etiology of uterine rupture. Then, the data from the case-control study will be used to develop a clinical predictive index, in order to identify women at high risk of uterine rupture. This predictive rule will then be validated in a separate patient sample. The information in the predictive model is expected to be useful to physicians to select appropriate patients for a trial of labor after a prior cesarean section.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HD035631-03
Application #
6182653
Study Section
Epidemiology and Disease Control Subcommittee 2 (EDC)
Program Officer
Spong, Catherine
Project Start
1998-04-01
Project End
2002-03-31
Budget Start
2000-04-01
Budget End
2002-03-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2000
Total Cost
$471,988
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Pennsylvania
Department
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
042250712
City
Philadelphia
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
19104
Harper, Lorie M; Cahill, Alison G; Boslaugh, Sarah et al. (2012) Association of induction of labor and uterine rupture in women attempting vaginal birth after cesarean: a survival analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 206:51.e1-5
Harper, Lorie M; Cahill, Alison G; Roehl, Kimberly A et al. (2012) The pattern of labor preceding uterine rupture. Am J Obstet Gynecol 207:210.e1-6
Harper, Lorie M; Stamilio, David M; Odibo, Anthony O et al. (2011) Vaginal birth after cesarean for cephalopelvic disproportion: effect of birth weight difference on success. Obstet Gynecol 117:343-8
Scifres, Christina M; Rohn, Amanda; Odibo, Anthony et al. (2011) Predicting significant maternal morbidity in women attempting vaginal birth after cesarean section. Am J Perinatol 28:181-6
Cahill, Alison G; Odibo, Anthony O; Allsworth, Jenifer E et al. (2010) Frequent epidural dosing as a marker for impending uterine rupture in patients who attempt vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 202:355.e1-5
Cahill, A G; Tuuli, M; Odibo, A O et al. (2010) Vaginal birth after caesarean for women with three or more prior caesareans: assessing safety and success. BJOG 117:422-7
Harper, Lorie M; Cahill, Alison G; Stamilio, David M et al. (2009) Effect of gestational age at the prior cesarean delivery on maternal morbidity in subsequent VBAC attempt. Am J Obstet Gynecol 200:276.e1-6
Cahill, Alison G; Stout, Molly J; Stamilio, David M et al. (2008) Risk factors for bladder injury in patients with a prior hysterotomy. Obstet Gynecol 112:116-20
Cahill, Alison G; Waterman, Brian M; Stamilio, David M et al. (2008) Higher maximum doses of oxytocin are associated with an unacceptably high risk for uterine rupture in patients attempting vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 199:32.e1-5
Cahill, Alison G; Stamilio, David M; Odibo, Anthony O et al. (2008) Racial disparity in the success and complications of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol 111:654-8

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