Male fertility requires continual spermatogenesis which relies on the actions of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). The SSC pool serves as a reservoir from which progenitor spermatogonia arise that transiently amplify in number before committing to differentiation in response to retinoic acid (RA). Maintenance of the germline requires that the SSC pool itself must be resistant to RA stimulation. The molecular signals that control SSC actions remain poorly understood. However, during the current project period we discovered that several molecules including multiple members of the helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factor family influence activities of SSCs and progenitor spermatogonia. In particular, we found that: 1) the HLH factor ID4 is expressed by SSCs specifically and promotes self-renewal; 2) the cell cycle regulator RB is required for maintenance of the SSC pool and physically interacts with ID4; 3) expression of the key stem cell transcription factor SOX2 is linked with the ID4+/SSC population; and 4) the class II HLH factors NEUROG3 and SOHLH1 are expressed by both SSC and progenitor spermatogonia but, in contrast to ID4, these molecules influence differentiation capacity of progenitors rather than self-renewal of SSCs. To facilitate our studies, we generated a novel mouse line in which ID4+ spermatogonia are marked by expression of GFP, and utilized this model to define features of the transcriptome that distinguish SSC and progenitor subtypes. The studies described in this renewal proposal are designed to extend these findings for advancing the understanding of mechanisms controlling maintenance of the SSC pool.
Our aims are to: 1) define the mechanism regulating SSC proliferation by critically examining the importance of an ID4-RB interaction, 2) define the mechanism inducing an SSC-specific transcriptome by determining the importance of a link between ID4 and SOX2, and 3) determine the mechanism conferring resistance to RA signaling in SSCs by investigating whether ID4 antagonizes the ability of NEUROG3 and SOHLH1 to relay the RA response. The combined results from these studies will enhance our understanding of the biology of SSCs, and this knowledge will be useful in determining causes of male infertility and in the generation of new diagnostic and treatment tools. The knowledge gained may also aid in devising strategies to protect the SSC pool from detrimental effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy that often eliminate the germline of male cancer patients, resulting in infertility. Moreover, spermatogenesis is a classic model of stem cell dependent lineages, thus knowledge gained about the biology of SSCs may be applicable to stem cells in other tissues.

Public Health Relevance

The combined results from these studies will advance our understanding of fundamental mechanisms required for spermatogenesis and therefore male fertility. The continuity of spermatogenesis relies on actions of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and studies in this project are designed to extend our understanding of molecular mechanisms influencing their fate decisions. The knowledge gained will be useful in determining causes of male infertility and in the generation of new diagnostic and treatment tools. Furthermore, results may also aid in devising strategies to protect the SSC pool from detrimental effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy that often eliminate the germline of male cancer patients, resulting in infertility. Moreover, spermatogenesis is a classic model of stem cell dependent lineages, thus knowledge gained about the biology of SSCs may be applicable to stem cells in other tissues.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HD061665-08
Application #
9053501
Study Section
Cellular, Molecular and Integrative Reproduction Study Section (CMIR)
Program Officer
Moss, Stuart B
Project Start
2009-09-30
Project End
2020-03-31
Budget Start
2016-04-01
Budget End
2017-03-31
Support Year
8
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Washington State University
Department
Veterinary Sciences
Type
Schools of Veterinary Medicine
DUNS #
041485301
City
Pullman
State
WA
Country
United States
Zip Code
99164
Lord, Tessa; Oatley, Melissa J; Oatley, Jon M (2018) Testicular Architecture Is Critical for Mediation of Retinoic Acid Responsiveness by Undifferentiated Spermatogonial Subtypes in the Mouse. Stem Cell Reports 10:538-552
Hermann, Brian P; Cheng, Keren; Singh, Anukriti et al. (2018) The Mammalian Spermatogenesis Single-Cell Transcriptome, from Spermatogonial Stem Cells to Spermatids. Cell Rep 25:1650-1667.e8
Helsel, Aileen R; Yang, Qi-En; Oatley, Melissa J et al. (2017) ID4 levels dictate the stem cell state in mouse spermatogonia. Development 144:624-634
Lord, Tessa; Oatley, Jon M (2017) A revised Asingle model to explain stem cell dynamics in the mouse male germline. Reproduction 154:R55-R64
Agrimson, Kellie S; Oatley, Melissa J; Mitchell, Debra et al. (2017) Retinoic acid deficiency leads to an increase in spermatogonial stem number in the neonatal mouse testis, but excess retinoic acid results in no change. Dev Biol 432:229-236
Helsel, Aileen R; Oatley, Melissa J; Oatley, Jon M (2017) Glycolysis-Optimized Conditions Enhance Maintenance of Regenerative Integrity in Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cells during Long-Term Culture. Stem Cell Reports 8:1430-1441
Mutoji, Kazadi; Singh, Anukriti; Nguyen, Thu et al. (2016) TSPAN8 Expression Distinguishes Spermatogonial Stem Cells in the Prepubertal Mouse Testis. Biol Reprod 95:117
Zhang, Teng; Oatley, Jon; Bardwell, Vivian J et al. (2016) DMRT1 Is Required for Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cell Maintenance and Replenishment. PLoS Genet 12:e1006293
Yang, Qi-En; Nagaoka, So I; Gwost, Ivy et al. (2015) Inactivation of Retinoblastoma Protein (Rb1) in the Oocyte: Evidence That Dysregulated Follicle Growth Drives Ovarian Teratoma Formation in Mice. PLoS Genet 11:e1005355
Vrooman, Lisa A; Oatley, Jon M; Griswold, Jodi E et al. (2015) Estrogenic exposure alters the spermatogonial stem cells in the developing testis, permanently reducing crossover levels in the adult. PLoS Genet 11:e1004949

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