We propose to advance a systems biology framework for an integrative understanding of the signaling and transcriptional events in early vertebrate embryonic development leading to major ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal cell types, using the Xenopus laevis model system. Controlled manipulation of three signaling pathways, Bmp, Nodal, and Wnt, will be used to drive multipotent embryonic cells in different well-defined developmental directions. We will characterize each of the endpoint cell types and many intermediates, providing a step- by-step analysis of the changes in protein and mRNA levels as a cell makes fate choices. Our team is a close collaboration between two expert embryologists/cell biologists (Kirschner and Gerhart) with an expert in systematic analysis and statistical inference (Peshkin) and an expert in proteomic mass spectrometry (Gygi). Our recently developed methods will allow us to reach unprecedented levels of detection and quantification of proteins, protein post-translational modifications, and mRNA transcripts. The large size of Xenopus eggs and embryos will also permit single-cell studies in some cases. We hypothesize that high quality proteomic profiling of early development will produce new key insights into developmental signaling pathways. Our dataset will provide an unprecedented degree of systems-level knowledge on the localization- and time-dependent actions of proteins in early vertebrate development, in cells fated to become different cell types. This information will be new for many biological problems, and revolutionary for embryology. Our suite of methods will allow rapid profiling of the effect of developmental signals on key pathways, and on vertebrate embryonic development in general. These key pathways are also important in later developmental processes, in childhood development, tissue and cell turnover in adults, and in approaches to regenerative medicine based on stem cell biology. They are also largely conserved across species, promising rapid transfer from the model system to human patients. We expect that these data will inform on heritable defects in human embryos and children in new ways.

Public Health Relevance

We will apply and develop modern genomic tools focused the embryonic development of cell types in the vertebrate embryo with the goal of understanding and ultimately controlling pathways for cell differentiation. Such studies could facilitate the development of procedures to direct cell differentiation in ways that would ultimately contribute to regenerative medicine in the treatment of important human diseases.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HD073104-03
Application #
8688292
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Coulombe, James N
Project Start
2012-09-01
Project End
2017-05-31
Budget Start
2014-06-01
Budget End
2015-05-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Harvard Medical School
Department
Biology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02115
Briggs, James A; Weinreb, Caleb; Wagner, Daniel E et al. (2018) The dynamics of gene expression in vertebrate embryogenesis at single-cell resolution. Science 360:
Gujral, Taranjit S; Kirschner, Marc W (2017) Hippo pathway mediates resistance to cytotoxic drugs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114:E3729-E3738
Bryant, Donald M; Johnson, Kimberly; DiTommaso, Tia et al. (2017) A Tissue-Mapped Axolotl De Novo Transcriptome Enables Identification of Limb Regeneration Factors. Cell Rep 18:762-776
Presler, Marc; Van Itallie, Elizabeth; Klein, Allon M et al. (2017) Proteomics of phosphorylation and protein dynamics during fertilization and meiotic exit in the Xenopus egg. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114:E10838-E10847
Savova, Virginia; Pearl, Esther J; Boke, Elvan et al. (2017) Transcriptomic insights into genetic diversity of protein-coding genes in X. laevis. Dev Biol 424:181-188
Briggs, James Alexander; Li, Victor C; Lee, Seungkyu et al. (2017) Mouse embryonic stem cells can differentiate via multiple paths to the same state. Elife 6:
Pierre, Anaëlle; Sallé, Jérémy; Wühr, Martin et al. (2016) Generic Theoretical Models to Predict Division Patterns of Cleaving Embryos. Dev Cell 39:667-682
Wühr, Martin; Güttler, Thomas; Peshkin, Leonid et al. (2015) The Nuclear Proteome of a Vertebrate. Curr Biol 25:2663-71
Peshkin, Leonid; Wühr, Martin; Pearl, Esther et al. (2015) On the Relationship of Protein and mRNA Dynamics in Vertebrate Embryonic Development. Dev Cell 35:383-94
Gladilin, Evgeny; Eils, Roland; Peshkin, Leonid (2015) On the embryonic cell division beyond the contractile ring mechanism: experimental and computational investigation of effects of vitelline confinement, temperature and egg size. PeerJ 3:e1490

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