An adverse intrauterine environment, seen in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, obesity or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), programs the offspring for disease in later life. Placental function regulates fetal growth and development, transducing the maternal and uterine environment to the fetus, and mediating fetal programming. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression through translational repression or mRNA degradation. We found significantly increased expression of miR- 210 in placentas from pregnancies complicated by severe preeclampsia or with increased maternal adiposity but the latter only in the presence of a female fetus. This suggests that miR-210 plays a pivotal role in the placental response to an adverse intrauterine environment, but with a sexually dimorphic influence in the obese environment. Using novel technology for measuring mitochondrial energetics, we described significant mitochondrial dysfunction in placentas of preeclamptic or obese women and that gain- and loss-of-function of miR-210 in primary trophoblast resulted in loss or preservation of mitochondrial activity respectively. We have recently shown that the transcription factor NFkB, which mediates many inflammatory responses, is increased in the placenta with maternal adiposity and binds to the mir-210 promoter but again only in the placenta of a female fetus. NFkB action has previously shown to be sexually dimorophic. The overall objective of this proposal is to determine the molecular basis by which miR-210 regulates mitochondrial and in turn, placental function in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, maternal obesity or IUGR. The central hypothesis is that hypoxia, inflammation or oxidative stress seen in such pregnancies increase miR-210 expression, which represses mitochondrial respiration causing placental dysfunction. This hypothesis will be tested through three Specific Aims: 1. Determine the role of miR-210 in mitochondrial and placental function. 2. Determine the role of NFkB in mediating the effect of trophoblast miR-210 under adverse conditions, and 3. Identify novel miR-210 target genes in trophoblast and define their role in mitochondrial and placental function. In all cases we will study the sexual dimorphism of effect. This proposal is innovative in studying the role of miR-210 in mitochondrial and placental function in normal and adverse conditions. We will determine if hypoxia, inflammation and oxidative stress act via the transcription factor NFkB governing miR-210 expression, identify novel miR-210 target genes controlling trophoblast mitochondrial function and if manipulation of mitochondrial function alters placental function.

Public Health Relevance

The placenta plays a key role in transducing an adverse intrauterine environment, as seen in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, maternal obesity or intrauterine growth restriction, to the fetus and programming offspring for disease in adult life. We have shown profound placental mitochondrial dysfunction in these pregnancies that appears to be mediated via the microRNA miR-210. We will study the regulation of miR-210 and its target genes that control mitochondrial function in the placenta. This work has public health relevance as it may identify potential therapeutic targets to promote placental function in adverse conditions, improve pregnancy outcome and overall health.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HD076259-02
Application #
8741981
Study Section
Pregnancy and Neonatology Study Section (PN)
Program Officer
Ilekis, John V
Project Start
2013-09-30
Project End
2018-07-31
Budget Start
2014-08-01
Budget End
2015-07-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Texas Health Science Center
Department
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
City
San Antonio
State
TX
Country
United States
Zip Code
78229
Prince, Calais S; Maloyan, Alina; Myatt, Leslie (2018) Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase B Agonist, 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone, Improves Mitochondrial Respiration in Placentas From Obese Women. Reprod Sci 25:452-462
Ireland, Kayla E; Maloyan, Alina; Myatt, Leslie (2018) Melatonin Improves Mitochondrial Respiration in Syncytiotrophoblasts From Placentas of Obese Women. Reprod Sci 25:120-130
Prince, Calais S; Maloyan, Alina; Myatt, Leslie (2017) Maternal obesity alters brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling in the placenta in a sexually dimorphic manner. Placenta 49:55-63
Evans, LaShauna; Myatt, Leslie (2017) Sexual dimorphism in the effect of maternal obesity on antioxidant defense mechanisms in the human placenta. Placenta 51:64-69
Simon, Bailey; Bucher, Matthew; Maloyan, Alina (2017) A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta. J Vis Exp :
Muralimanoharan, Sribalasubashini; Gao, Xiaoli; Weintraub, Susan et al. (2016) Sexual dimorphism in activation of placental autophagy in obese women with evidence for fetal programming from a placenta-specific mouse model. Autophagy 12:752-69
Muralimanoharan, Sribalasubashini; Maloyan, Alina; Myatt, Leslie (2016) Mitochondrial function and glucose metabolism in the placenta with gestational diabetes mellitus: role of miR-143. Clin Sci (Lond) 130:931-41
Muralimanoharan, S; Guo, C; Myatt, L et al. (2015) Sexual dimorphism in miR-210 expression and mitochondrial dysfunction in the placenta with maternal obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 39:1274-81
Mele, James; Muralimanoharan, Sribalasubashini; Maloyan, Alina et al. (2014) Impaired mitochondrial function in human placenta with increased maternal adiposity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 307:E419-25