Despite advances in identifying defective genes underlying neuropathologies, how these defects underlie symptoms is not known, and this gap is a formidable stumbling block for therapeutics. A case in point is Rett Syndrome (RTT), a severe neurological disease in girls. The disease is due to sporadic mutations in the transcription factor, MeCP2, but why loss of MeCP2 causes neuropathology is enigmatic. Further, RTT holds a unique place in neurological disease because key symptoms are reversible in mice by expressing MeCP2 throughout the brain or just in astrocytes, the prominent glial cell type in brain. The rescue opens the door to therapeutic approaches, but requires a better understanding of what is deficient in RTT and precisely what is rescued upon MeCP2 restoration. Traditional approaches, such as microarray analysis, have focused almost exclusively on individual gene transcript changes, primarily in neurons. This approach has not led to clear answers about the functions of MeCP2 or the cellular basis of the disease, in part due to cellular heterogeneity. It also ignores work indicating a role for astrocytes in contributin to symptoms. In no case is there a molecular benchmark for extent of rescue. Our goal is to attack these issues head on by focusing specifically on rescue of RTT symptoms by astrocytes. Here, we perform a co-expression network analysis, using RNA seq combined with membrane proteomics, on brain and on pure populations of cells sorted from murine brain (aim 1). With an eye towards human-specific therapies, we identify the molecular and cellular consequences of loss and gain of MeCP2 in neural cells from RTT patient IPSCs, and test predictions from these studies in human/mouse xenografts (aim 2). Finally, we test a new hypothesis (aim 3), based on recent preliminary results, that reduced excitatory signaling between astrocytes and neurons may be a functional outcome of the alterations in molecular and membrane properties of these cells (aims 1 and 2).

Public Health Relevance

We recently established a role for glia in Rett Syndrome, and the ability of astrocytes, specifically, to rescue RTT-like phenotypes in mice. By combining innovative molecular and electrophysiological approaches, performed by a cohesive team of investigators, we will extend these findings to mechanism. We will test the hypothesis in both mouse and human cells that a membrane protein network, perhaps independent of transcriptome changes, contributes to neuropathology and rescue, and that excitatory astrocyte-neuronal communication is crucial to this rescue.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01HD081037-01A1
Application #
8888475
Study Section
Clinical Neuroplasticity and Neurotransmitters Study Section (CNNT)
Program Officer
Parisi, Melissa
Project Start
2015-05-19
Project End
2020-02-29
Budget Start
2015-05-19
Budget End
2016-02-29
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Oregon Health and Science University
Department
Neurosciences
Type
Organized Research Units
DUNS #
096997515
City
Portland
State
OR
Country
United States
Zip Code
97239
Rakela, Benjamin; Brehm, Paul; Mandel, Gail (2018) Astrocytic modulation of excitatory synaptic signaling in a mouse model of Rett syndrome. Elife 7:
Robbins, Cheryl L; Whiteman, Maura K; Hillis, Susan D et al. (2009) Influence of reproductive factors on mortality after epithelial ovarian cancer diagnosis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18:2035-41