Though a reference human genome and even excellent characterization of the epigenome (ENCODE, Epigenetics Roadmap) has been generated, the significance of noncoding genetic or epigenetic changes is still far from clear. With the advent of affordable DNA- sequencing technologies, methods have been developed for examining nuclear organization, chromatin state/histone post translation modifications, chromatin accessibility and methylation state. But these methods do not directly interrogate the DNA strand, and the reads are typically too short to provide critical correlative information. We propose the development of a novel epigenetic characterization methodology, fundamentally through the practical implementation of the sequencing of modified bases using a nanopore sequencing platform. Nanopore sequencing directly probes the chemical structure of the molecule in the pore with exquisite sensitivity. Its long reads enable correlation of epigenetic state over large (>10kb) stretches of the genome; each of these reads originates from a single cell, probing the epigenetic heterogeneity of the sample.

Public Health Relevance

Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in phenotype through a mechanism other than the direct genetic sequence. Sequencing of epigenetic marks is logistically difficult and limited with current 2nd generation technologies: only short-range interactions are studied, extensive chemical or enzymatic treatments are needed, and epigenetic heterogeneity is hard to probe. This proposal seeks to apply nanopore-based sequencing to characterization of the epigenetic state of the human genome via measurement of modifications to the DNA sequence.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01HG009190-01A1
Application #
9315492
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZHG1-HGR-N (J2))
Program Officer
Smith, Michael
Project Start
2017-04-19
Project End
2021-03-31
Budget Start
2017-04-19
Budget End
2018-03-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2017
Total Cost
$495,000
Indirect Cost
$162,435
Name
Johns Hopkins University
Department
Biomedical Engineering
Type
Schools of Engineering
DUNS #
001910777
City
Baltimore
State
MD
Country
United States
Zip Code
21205
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