This project is concerned with the permeability of the pulmonary barriers which separate the airspaces and blood in both animals and man. Studies will be continued of a new procedure which permits measurements of the rate radioactive indicators diffuse through these membranes in man. Radionuclides (principally 99mTc-DTPA, diethylenetriaminepentaacetate) are inhale in aerosol droplets and the subsequent regional disappearance of radioactivity is monitored with a scintillation camera. The clearance of these indicators is accelerated in many patients with a variety of chronic lung disorders (e.g., Hamman-Rich syndrome, pneumoconioses and sarcoid), among smokers (in whom it rapidly returns to normal after abstinence) and in patients with pulmonary edema due to lung injury (ARDS). We plan to continue studies which suggest that ARDS can be distinguished from pulmonary edema due to congestive heart failure with this approach. In addition, the incidence of abnormal scans will be determined in patients with asbestosis. Animal models will be used to evaluate (1) active (?) transport of 99mTcO4- and other ions in the lungs, (2) clearance following instillation or aerosolization of indicator, (3) differences between large and small airway clearance, and (4) passage of small nonpolar membranes across cell membranes in the exchange area of the lungs. A new procedure will be used to measure pleural and pulmonary parenchymal permeability to extracellular indicators.
| Effros, R M; Jacobs, E R; Schapira, R M et al. (1999) Increasing airway pressures can promote transvascular edema reabsorption. Chest 116:30S-31S |
| Lin, W; Jacobs, E; Schapira, R M et al. (1998) Stop-flow studies of distribution of filtration in rat lungs. J Appl Physiol 84:47-52 |
| Effros, R M; Schapira, R; Presberg, K et al. (1998) Stop-flow studies of solute uptake in rat lungs. J Appl Physiol 85:986-92 |
| Effros, R M; Darin, C; Jacobs, E R et al. (1997) Water transport and the distribution of aquaporin-1 in pulmonary air spaces. J Appl Physiol 83:1002-16 |
| Schapira, R M; Ghio, A J; Effros, R M et al. (1995) Hydroxyl radical production and lung injury in the rat following silica or titanium dioxide instillation in vivo. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 12:220-6 |
| Effros, R M; Murphy, C; Hacker, A et al. (1994) Reduction and uptake of methylene blue from rat air spaces. J Appl Physiol 77:1460-5 |
| Schapira, R M; Ghio, A J; Effros, R M et al. (1994) Hydroxyl radicals are formed in the rat lung after asbestos instillation in vivo. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 10:573-9 |
| Effros, R M; Hacker, A; Jacobs, E et al. (1994) Continuous measurements of changes in pulmonary capillary surface area with 201Tl infusions. J Appl Physiol 77:2093-103 |
| Effros, R M; Jacobs, E; Hacker, A et al. (1993) Reversible inhibition of urea exchange in rat hepatocytes. J Clin Invest 91:2822-8 |
| Feng, N H; Hacker, A; Effros, R M (1992) Solute exchange between the plasma and epithelial lining fluid of rat lungs. J Appl Physiol 72:1081-9 |
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