Abstract

The principal objective of this project is to determine the effect that exposure of the lung to specific antigen has on bronchopulmonary function in the immunologically-sensitized dog. The project is based upon previous studies in sensitized animals and combines the use of physiologic, pharmacologic and biochemical approaches to investigate the mechanisms through which these changes in airway function occur. Our working hypothesis is that repeated antigen exposure pre-disposes sensitized animals to exhibit the late asthmatic response and to develop non-specific airways hyperreactivity by altering the profile of mediators, specifically those derived from arachidonic acid (i.e. eicosanoids), which are synthesized within the airway tissues. Whether this alteration is due to changes in metabolism within existing airway cells or due to the antigen-induced influx on new cells, will be investigated. Specifically, the research will a) determine the role of eicosanoids and other mediators in the development of the late asthmatic reponse and investigate the relationship between the immediate and late response, b) determine the influence of repeated antigen exposure on late phase physiology, incidence and stimulus-dependency, c) determine the effects of single and repeated antigen exposure on the migration of mast cells to the airways and evaluate the pathophysiologic consequences of this migration, and d) determine the effects of repeated antigen exposure on the development of non-specific airways hyperreactivity and investigate the role of specific mediators in its development. The proposed studies represent a multidisciplined approach to investigating the influence of antigen exposure on lung function in that they utilize a variety of proven techniques to correlate changes in physiologic function with underlying cellular and biochemical mechanisms. It is anticipated that these studies will provide useful new information about pathophysiologic processes in airways of the allergic lung.

  Funding Agency

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL030195-11
Application #
2216600
Study Section
Respiratory and Applied Physiology Study Section (RAP)
Project Start
1982-07-01
Project End
1995-03-31
Budget Start
1993-04-01
Budget End
1995-03-31
Support Year
11
Fiscal Year
1993
Total Cost
Indirect Cost

  Institution

Name
Johns Hopkins University
Department
Public Health & Prev Medicine
Type
Schools of Public Health
DUNS #
045911138
City
Baltimore
State
MD
Country
United States
Zip Code
21218

  Publications

Takahashi, N; Yu, X Y; Schofield, B H et al. (1995) Expression of ICAM-1 in airway epithelium after acute ozone exposure in the mouse. J Appl Physiol 79:1753-61
Yu, X Y; Schofield, B H; Croxton, T et al. (1994) Physiologic modulation of bronchial epithelial cell barrier function by polycationic exposure. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 11:188-98
Takahashi, N; Liu, M C; Proud, D et al. (1994) Soluble intracellular adhesion molecule 1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of allergic subjects following segmental antigen challenge. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 150:704-9
Yu, X Y; Hubbard, W; Spannhake, E W (1992) Inhibition of canine tracheal smooth muscle by mediators from cultured bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Physiol 262:L229-34
Ninomiya, H; Yu, X Y; Hasegawa, S et al. (1992) Endothelin-1 induces stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis in cells obtained from canine airways by bronchoalveolar lavage. Prostaglandins 43:401-11
Turner, C R; Spannhake, E W (1990) Acute topical steroid administration blocks mast cell increase and the late asthmatic response of the canine peripheral airways. Am Rev Respir Dis 141:421-7
Yoss, E B; Spannhake, E W; Flynn, J T et al. (1990) Arachidonic acid metabolism in normal human alveolar macrophages: stimulus specificity for mediator release and phospholipid metabolism, and pharmacologic modulation in vitro and in vivo. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2:69-80
Turner, C R; Darowski, M J; Sampson, H A et al. (1989) Dermal mast cell releasability and end organ responsiveness in atopic and nonatopic dogs. J Allergy Clin Immunol 83:643-8
Turner, C R; Kolbe, J; Spannhake, E W (1988) Rapid increase in mast cell numbers in canine central and peripheral airways. J Appl Physiol 65:445-51
Beckett, W S; Black, C; Turner, C et al. (1988) In vivo exposure to ozone causes increased in vitro responses of small airways. Am Rev Respir Dis 137:1236-8

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