The magnitude of nitric oxide (NO) production by mammalian cells is dependent on numerous factors. Cells stimulated make inducible (inflammatory) NOS (iNOS) generate 100-to 1000-fold more NO than do cells containing distinct NOS isoforms present constitutively, and this high-output NO plays pathophysiological roles in inflammation and host defense. The principal objective of the proposed research is to elucidate the multiple mechanisms that are involved in the regulation or modulation of the high-output production of NO in vascular smooth muscle, endothelial cells and macrophages. The rationale for this objective is that in view of the widespread pathophysiological actions of iNOS-generated NO, it is essential to understand the mechanisms by which both iNOS and NO production are regulated. The central hypothesis that drives this proposal is that the production of both iNOS protein and NO is sensitive to regulation at various levels including NF-kappaB- mediated transcription, post-transcriptional stability of iNOS mRNA, post-translational stability of iNOS protein, and arginine availability as a substrate for iNOS.
Four specific aims are proposed to achieve the objective: (a) to elucidate the mechanism by which LPS causes downregulation and degradation of iNOS in vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages, (b) to elucidate the mechanisms by which NO elicits positive and negative feedback modulation of NF-kappaB activation of iNOS induction in vascular cells and macrophages, (c) to determine how LPS-induced arginase plays a role in regulating high-output NO production by INOS in vascular cells and macrophages and (d) to ascertain the novel role of Ng- Hydroxyarginine as a distinct biological effector molecule in regulating intracellular arginine levels and high-output NO production in vascular cells and macrophages. The proposed research represents a continuing long-term effort to understand the regulation of NO production and action in vascular cells and macrophages.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL035014-10
Application #
2685322
Study Section
Experimental Cardiovascular Sciences Study Section (ECS)
Project Start
1985-08-01
Project End
2001-03-31
Budget Start
1998-04-01
Budget End
1999-03-31
Support Year
10
Fiscal Year
1998
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California Los Angeles
Department
Anatomy/Cell Biology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
119132785
City
Los Angeles
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
90095
Wei, Liu Hua; Yang, Yang; Wu, Guoyao et al. (2008) IL-4 and IL-13 upregulate ornithine decarboxylase expression by PI3K and MAP kinase pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 294:C1198-205
Garban, Hermes J; Marquez-Garban, Diana C; Pietras, Richard J et al. (2005) Rapid nitric oxide-mediated S-nitrosylation of estrogen receptor: regulation of estrogen-dependent gene transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:2632-6
Garban, Hermes J; Buga, Georgette M; Ignarro, Louis J (2004) Estrogen receptor-mediated vascular responsiveness to nebivolol: a novel endothelium-related mechanism of therapeutic vasorelaxation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 43:638-44
Jacobs, Aaron T; Ignarro, Louis J (2003) Nuclear factor-kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinases mediate nitric oxide-enhanced transcriptional expression of interferon-beta. J Biol Chem 278:8018-27
Jacobs, Aaron T; Ignarro, Louis J (2003) Cell density-enhanced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in murine macrophages mediated by interferon-beta. Nitric Oxide 8:222-30
Ignarro, Louis J; Byrns, Russell E; Trinh, Kim et al. (2002) Nebivolol: a selective beta(1)-adrenergic receptor antagonist that relaxes vascular smooth muscle by nitric oxide- and cyclic GMP-dependent mechanisms. Nitric Oxide 7:75-82
Bauer, P M; Buga, G M; Fukuto, J M et al. (2001) Nitric oxide inhibits ornithine decarboxylase via S-nitrosylation of cysteine 360 in the active site of the enzyme. J Biol Chem 276:34458-64
Wei, L H; Wu, G; Morris Jr, S M et al. (2001) Elevated arginase I expression in rat aortic smooth muscle cells increases cell proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:9260-4
Bauer, P M; Buga, G M; Ignarro, L J (2001) Role of p42/p44 mitogen-activated-protein kinase and p21waf1/cip1 in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by nitric oxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:12802-7
Ignarro, L J; Buga, G M; Wei, L H et al. (2001) Role of the arginine-nitric oxide pathway in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:4202-8

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