New high capacity fluorocarbon emulsions will be tested for their ability to increase brain oxygen availability. The emulsions will be administered intravenously to rabbits having implanted oxygen, hydrogen, glucose, and lactate sensors. Voltammetric currents from these sensors will be related to circulating fluorocarbon blood levels, while the animal is breathing air, oxygen, and carbon dioxide/oxygen mixtures. In addition, tissue gas and fluorocarbon vapor tensions will be measured using silicone polymeric tonometers implanted subcutaneously, intraperitoneally and on the heart. Arterial and venous blood gases, cardiac output and ECG will be monitored. PH, blood lactate and glucose will also be measured. Blood fluorocarbon levels will be measured by specific gravity, ultracentrifugation, centrifugation, combustion, and electron capture gas chromatography. Organ fluorocarbon content will be measured by combustion and by gas chromatography. Fluorocarbon emulsions are made with compounds purified and fractionated by preparative gas chromatography and with various emulsifiers including Pluronic F68, polyfluorinated amine oxides, egg lecithins, and other surfactants. Fluorocarbons will include F- decalin, F-tributylamine, and F-phenanthrene. Oncotic pressure is controlled by dextrans, hydroxyethyl starch, pentastarch, and plasma albumin. The unique ability of fluorocarbon to increase oxygen supplied to tissues in intact conscious animals is a function of the solubility of oxygen in the particular perfluorocarbon, the way in which it is dispersed in the blood, cardiac output, arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions, fluorocarbon particle size, type of emulsifier used, acid-base balance, and other factors. The present proposal is to perform experiments to understand these relation- ships in terms of key physiological parameters. The role of plasma phospholipids in maintaining fluorocarbon blood levels will be studied. The synergistic effects among most of the dozen common cancer chemotherapeutic agents and fluorocarbons are based upon increased tissue oxygen tensions and oxygen transport. Understanding and control of these interrelationships is one of the primary concerns of this research. Sensing electrodes for gases and metabolites are implanted in brain, under the skin, in the liver, and intraperitoneally. Control of tissue oxygenation by fluorocarbons may be used in cardiac balloon angioplasty, cardioplegia and NMR imaging. This research should provide new means of measuring and regulating tissue oxygen tensions and tissue oxygen availability in heart attack, stroke, cancer chemotherapy, and trauma.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL039874-05
Application #
2219412
Study Section
Hematology Subcommittee 2 (HEM)
Project Start
1991-09-01
Project End
1994-01-31
Budget Start
1992-04-15
Budget End
1994-01-31
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
1992
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Antioch University
Department
Miscellaneous
Type
Organized Research Units
DUNS #
City
Yellow Springs
State
OH
Country
United States
Zip Code
45387
Shaffer, T H; Wolfson, M R; Greenspan, J S et al. (1996) Liquid ventilation in premature lambs: uptake, biodistribution and elimination of perfluorodecalin liquid. Reprod Fertil Dev 8:409-16
Hoffmann, R E; Bhargava, H K; Davis, S L et al. (1992) Arterial blood gases and brain oxygen availability following infusion of intratracheal fluorocarbon neat liquids. Biomater Artif Cells Immobilization Biotechnol 20:1073-83
Clark Jr, L C; Hoffmann, R E; Davis, S L (1992) Response of the rabbit lung as a criterion of safety for fluorocarbon breathing and blood substitutes. Biomater Artif Cells Immobilization Biotechnol 20:1085-99
Spokane, R B; Clark Jr, L C; Bhargava, H K et al. (1990) An implanted peritoneal oxygen tonometer that can be calibrated in situ. ASAIO Trans 36:M719-22
Clark Jr, L C; Spokane, R B; Hoffmann, R E et al. (1989) The nature of fluorocarbon enhanced cerebral oxygen transport. Adv Exp Med Biol 248:341-55