The proposed project has the long-term objective of elucidating the relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular health in children varying in ethnicity, gender and health status. There are two specific aims. The first is to test the hypothesis that controlled physical training (PT) will reduce blood pressure, at rest and in reaction to forehead cold and exercise stressors, in 8-9 year olds who are high in both blood pressure and body fatness. Subjects will be divided equally on gender and pressure and body fatness. Subjects will be divided equally on gender and ethnicity (black/white). Both resting and reactive blood pressure are correlated with left ventricular mass and are predictive of future essential hypertension. The underlying hemodynamic regulators of blood pressure, cardiac output the total peripheral resistance, will be measured with impedance cardiography to explore hemodynamic mechanisms through which training has a favorable influence on blood pressure and left ventricular mass.
The second aim i s to test the hypothesis that physical training will reduce percent body fat, as measured with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Children above the 70th percentile in both blood pressure and fatness will be randomly assigned, within ethnicity and gender, to a physical training or waiting list control group. After the physical training group undergoes 4 months of training, all subjects will be retested and these data will be used to test the primary hypotheses. The initial control subjects will then perform 4 months of physical training, after which they will be retested. The data from this second phase will be added to the data of the initial physical training group to explore interactions of training with gender and ethnicity. The initial physical training group will be brought back 4 months after cessation of training to see of the changes elicited by the training are reversible. To document the stimulation provided by the training, heart rate will be monitored during training sessions. To observe the time course of changes between the full lab testing sessions, skinfolds and resting blood pressure will be measured monthly. Diet and free living physical activity will be assessed to help explain changes in body composition. Aerobic fitness will be measured with treadmill tests of maximal oxygen consumption.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01HL049549-01A2
Application #
2225626
Study Section
Behavioral Medicine Study Section (BEM)
Project Start
1995-01-01
Project End
1997-12-31
Budget Start
1995-01-01
Budget End
1995-12-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
1995
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Medical College of Georgia (MCG)
Department
Pediatrics
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
City
Augusta
State
GA
Country
United States
Zip Code
30912
Humphries, Matthew C; Gutin, Bernard; Barbeau, Paule et al. (2002) Relations of adiposity and effects of training on the left ventricle in obese youths. Med Sci Sports Exerc 34:1428-35
Gutin, B; Barbeau, P; Litaker, M S et al. (2000) Heart rate variability in obese children: relations to total body and visceral adiposity, and changes with physical training and detraining. Obes Res 8:9-Dec
Ferguson, M A; Gutin, B; Le, N A et al. (1999) Effects of exercise training and its cessation on components of the insulin resistance syndrome in obese children. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 23:889-95
Owens, S; Litaker, M; Allison, J et al. (1999) Prediction of visceral adipose tissue from simple anthropometric measurements in youths with obesity. Obes Res 7:16-22
Gutin, B; Ramsey, L; Barbeau, P et al. (1999) Plasma leptin concentrations in obese children: changes during 4-mo periods with and without physical training. Am J Clin Nutr 69:388-94
Ferguson, M A; Gutin, B; Owens, S et al. (1999) Effects of physical training and its cessation on the hemostatic system of obese children. Am J Clin Nutr 69:1130-4
Gutin, B; Owens, S; Okuyama, T et al. (1999) Effect of physical training and its cessation on percent fat and bone density of children with obesity. Obes Res 7:208-14
Owens, S; Gutin, B; Allison, J et al. (1999) Effect of physical training on total and visceral fat in obese children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 31:143-8
Gutin, B; Riggs, S; Ferguson, M et al. (1999) Description and process evaluation of a physical training program for obese children. Res Q Exerc Sport 70:65-9
Barbeau, P; Gutin, B; Litaker, M et al. (1999) Correlates of individual differences in body-composition changes resulting from physical training in obese children. Am J Clin Nutr 69:705-11

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