Angiogenesis, or new blood vessel formation from existing vessels, is critical to normal development and wound healing, cancer metastases, diabetic proliferative retinopathy and hemangioma formation. Endothelial cell invasion of matrix, proliferation, and migration to sites of new vessel branching from existing vessels is regulated by factors, such as vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF). We have recently found that the vasoactive proteins, the endothelins, stimulate VEGF transcription, synthesis, and secretion from cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Further, we identified the natriuretic peptide (NP) family of vascular proteins as the first endogenous inhibitors of VEGF synthesis, and VEGF action. We propose to determine the proximal mechanisms by which these vasoactive peptides modulate VEGF synthesis in cultured human VSMC. We believe that endothelin-1 (ET-1) triggers activation of Gq and Gi proteins leading to intracellular signal transduction culminating in ERK activation and VEGF transcription. NP inhibits this mainly through the clearance receptor, and a novel mechanism via the activation of RGS proteins or inhibition of G protein palmitoylation. We will measure each of these events and show modulation in response to ET, and by NP. The importance of G protein dynamics for NP-inhibition of ET-stimulated MAP-kinase (Erk) activity and VEGF transcription will be shown, linking these events. It is also possible that NP activate a MAP kinase related phosphatase, and we will determine if NP stimulate the synthesis and activity of MKP-1 and MKP-2, inhibited by ET-1. This would implicate this mechanism for the inactivation of ERK- signaling to VEGF transcription. We will then determine the signaling mechanisms by which VEGF stimulates EC proliferation, and the inhibition of this mechanism by ANP. This involves signaling through a novel ERK to JNK cross-activation cascade, which is inhibited by the NP, modulating specific cell cycle events such as cyclin D1 production and Cdk4 activation which are critical to G1/S progression in these cells. These will be shown by protein synthesis and kinase activity studies, in cells transfected with dominant negative SEK-1 (JNK kinase) and JNK-1, or PD98059 (Mek inhibitor).
Showing the most recent 10 out of 15 publications
