Although primary transplantation has evolved into an effective therapy for end-stage lung disease, the balance between organ supply and demand greatly limits its applicability. Pulmonary xenotransplantation using swine lungs in humans could provide a solution to this problem. However, pulmonary xenografts are rapidly reflected by mechanisms distinct from those causing hyperacute rejection of the heart or kidney. The long-term objective of this project is to determine the mechanisms responsible for pulmonary xenograft injury, develop strategies which will prevent this injury and to enable the clinical application of pulmonary xenotransplantation. Although the mechanisms responsible for rejection of the cardiac xenograft are dependent upon the binding of xenoreactive antibody to the Gal(1-3)Ga1 epitope with subsequent complement activation, the importance of this interaction in lung xenografts is unclear.
The aims of this proposal are as follows: (1) define the role of the pulmonary intravascular macrophage and other resident macrophage and other resident macrophages within the lung in inducing pulmonary vasoconstriction, endothelial cell activation and initiation of coagulation; (2) to define the role of classical complement pathway activation, particularly anaphylatoxins and xenoreactive antibody in pulmonary xenograft injury; and (3) characterize the role of tissue factor initiated coagulation and inadequate regulation of coagulation in pulmonary xenograft injury particularly with regards to endothelial cell activation and augmentation of inflammation. The experiments outlined in this proposal will (1) deplete resident macrophages, both the intravascular and alveolar macrophages; (2) use of anti-C5a monoclonal antibodies and other inhibitors of the complement system; (3) depletion of Gal antibody and to use lungs of the Gal epitope; and (4) blockers of tissue factor dependent coagulation, swine vWF platelet interaction and regulator of the coagulation system that are effective in a swine to primate model. It is anticipated that these studies will further delineate the mechanisms responsible for the early pulmonary xenograft injury and to begin to allow for examination of the mechanisms responsible for acute vascular rejection. Strategies developed from these studies should form the basis for the application of pulmonary xenotransplantation to the treatment of patients with pulmonary failure.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL060232-05
Application #
6624459
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-SSS-W (40))
Program Officer
Reynolds, Herbert Y
Project Start
1998-04-01
Project End
2005-03-31
Budget Start
2003-04-01
Budget End
2004-03-31
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2003
Total Cost
$371,517
Indirect Cost
Name
Duke University
Department
Surgery
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
044387793
City
Durham
State
NC
Country
United States
Zip Code
27705
Bush, Errol L; Barbas, Andrew S; Holzknecht, Zoie E et al. (2011) Coagulopathy in ?-galactosyl transferase knockout pulmonary xenotransplants. Xenotransplantation 18:6-13
Smith, H F; Fisher, R E; Everett, M L et al. (2009) Comparative anatomy and phylogenetic distribution of the mammalian cecal appendix. J Evol Biol 22:1984-99
Appel 3rd, James Z; Lee, Sean M; Hartwig, Matthew G et al. (2007) Characterization of the innate immune response to chronic aspiration in a novel rodent model. Respir Res 8:87
Cantu, E; Balsara, K R; Li, B et al. (2007) Prolonged function of macrophage, von Willebrand factor-deficient porcine pulmonary xenografts. Am J Transplant 7:66-75
Gaca, Jeffrey G; Appel 3rd, James Z; Lukes, Jeffrey G et al. (2006) Effect of an anti-C5a monoclonal antibody indicates a prominent role for anaphylatoxin in pulmonary xenograft dysfunction. Transplantation 81:1686-94
Gonzalez-Stawinski, Gonzalo V; Davis Jr, R Duane (2006) Rituximab as monotherapy for elicited xenoreactive antibody responses. J Heart Lung Transplant 25:1462-6
Devalapalli, A P; Lesher, A; Shieh, K et al. (2006) Increased levels of IgE and autoreactive, polyreactive IgG in wild rodents: implications for the hygiene hypothesis. Scand J Immunol 64:125-36
Lesher, Aaron; Li, Bin; Whitt, Parker et al. (2006) Increased IL-4 production and attenuated proliferative and pro-inflammatory responses of splenocytes from wild-caught rats (Rattus norvegicus). Immunol Cell Biol 84:374-82
Hartwig, Matthew G; Appel, James Z; Li, Bin et al. (2006) Chronic aspiration of gastric fluid accelerates pulmonary allograft dysfunction in a rat model of lung transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 131:209-17
Cantu, Edward; Gaca, Jeffrey G; Palestrant, Daniel et al. (2006) Depletion of pulmonary intravascular macrophages prevents hyperacute pulmonary xenograft dysfunction. Transplantation 81:1157-64

Showing the most recent 10 out of 19 publications