B-adrenergic receptors (BAR) stimulate cAMP production via activation of Gs and adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity to induce smooth muscle relaxation. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) activate both Gq and Gi to cause a two-pronged contraction: M3 receptor-mediated elevation of intracellular Ca2+ and M2 receptor-mediated inhibition of AC activity. (JARmediate relaxation of airway smooth muscle via both cAMP-dependent and -independent mechanisms but in gastrointestinal smooth muscle BAR induce relaxation primarily via cAMP-dependent pathways. As a result of this differing dependence upon cAMP, Gi-coupled M2 receptors play a large role in contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscle but not in airway smooth muscle. Airway smooth muscle overexpressing AC6 display enhanced BAR-mediated cAMP formation and relaxation but not increased basal cAMP levels or response to activation of prostaglandin EP2 receptors. This selective effect of AC6 overexpression appears due to compartmentation of the exogenous AC6 with BAR in caveolae and lipid rafts and the exclusion of EP2 receptors from these microdomains. Because other isoforms of AC localize differently than AC6, this project will examine the native AC isoform expression in airway and ileal smooth muscle then will assess the effects of expressing lipid raft and non-raft localized AC isoforms on biochemical signaling and regulation of contractile tone in these two tissues. The central hypothesis is that the localization of receptors and AC's in lipid rafts of smooth muscle determines the signaling pathways used by receptors to regulate contractile tone and that this localization differs between smooth muscle-containing tissues. The goal is to understand the cellular compartmentation of receptors (focusing primarily, but not exclusively, on BAR and mAChR) and AC's in ileal and airway smooth muscle and to determine the functional importance of this compartmentation in regulation of smooth muscle tone in both normal and asthmatic airways. It may be possible to enhance AC expression or function to selectively regulate smooth muscle function in asthma or gastrointestinal disease.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL079166-03
Application #
7339021
Study Section
Lung Cellular, Molecular, and Immunobiology Study Section (LCMI)
Program Officer
Banks-Schlegel, Susan P
Project Start
2006-01-27
Project End
2010-12-31
Budget Start
2008-01-01
Budget End
2008-12-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2008
Total Cost
$341,712
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Department
Pharmacology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
941884009
City
Memphis
State
TN
Country
United States
Zip Code
38163
Bogard, Amy S; Birg, Anna V; Ostrom, Rennolds S (2014) Non-raft adenylyl cyclase 2 defines a cAMP signaling compartment that selectively regulates IL-6 expression in airway smooth muscle cells: differential regulation of gene expression by AC isoforms. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 387:329-39
Slominski, Radomir M; Reiter, Russel J; Schlabritz-Loutsevitch, Natalia et al. (2012) Melatonin membrane receptors in peripheral tissues: distribution and functions. Mol Cell Endocrinol 351:152-66
Bogard, Amy S; Adris, Piyatilake; Ostrom, Rennolds S (2012) Adenylyl cyclase 2 selectively couples to E prostanoid type 2 receptors, whereas adenylyl cyclase 3 is not receptor-regulated in airway smooth muscle. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 342:586-95
Bogard, Amy S; Xu, Congfeng; Ostrom, Rennolds S (2011) Human bronchial smooth muscle cells express adenylyl cyclase isoforms 2, 4, and 6 in distinct membrane microdomains. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 337:209-17
Liu, Xiaoqiu; Li, Fengying; Sun, Shu Qiang et al. (2010) Fibroblast-specific expression of AC6 enhances beta-adrenergic and prostacyclin signaling and blunts bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 298:L819-29
Griffin, Michael T; Matsui, Minoru; Ostrom, Rennolds S et al. (2009) The guinea pig ileum lacks the direct, high-potency, M(2)-muscarinic, contractile mechanism characteristic of the mouse ileum. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 380:327-35
Thangavel, Muthusamy; Liu, Xiaoqiu; Sun, Shu Qiang et al. (2009) The C1 and C2 domains target human type 6 adenylyl cyclase to lipid rafts and caveolae. Cell Signal 21:301-8
Ehlert, Frederick J (2008) On the analysis of ligand-directed signaling at G protein-coupled receptors. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 377:549-77
Ehlert, Frederick J; Ahn, Simon; Pak, Kirk J et al. (2007) Neuronally released acetylcholine acts on the M2 muscarinic receptor to oppose the relaxant effect of isoproterenol on cholinergic contractions in mouse urinary bladder. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 322:631-7