Minority and low socioeconomic status (SES) populations show disproportionate rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality, and eliminating these disparities is a priority objective of Healthy People 2010. Previous research suggests that in addition to many other variables, psychosocial factors may contribute to CVD disparities. The proposed research will use the Reserve Capacity Model (Gallo and Matthews, 2003) as a conceptual framework through which to examine the roles of stress, psychosocial resources, and emotional factors in SES and ethnic CVD disparities, in a community-based random sample of middle-aged, Mexican-American and non-Latino White women with relatively low and high SES (N=300). The Reserve Capacity Model posits that individuals with lower social status (low SES, minority ethnicity) may suffer negative emotional and physical health consequences due to stress experienced across multiple domains. Stress may exert direct effects on behavioral and physiological risk processes, or it may influence emotional variables which are themselves putative CVD risk factors. In addition, persons with low social status may maintain a smaller bank of resilient psychosocial resources with which to manage stress, making them especially vulnerable to concomitant physical and emotional wear and tear. The effects of low SES may be amplified in Latino women (i.e., synergistic effects). However, Mexican-American women could also benefit from resilient, socio-cultural resources that protect them, to some extent, from stress. In the current study, women will undergo a comprehensive assessment of SES, psychosocial factors, physiological and behavioral risk factors, and CVD biomarkers, and will participate in a two-day evaluation of ambulatory blood pressure and psychosocial experiences assessed via ecological momentary assessment. By examining potentially modifiable psychosocial variables as a pathway underlying CVD disparities, this study seeks to inform efforts to understand and eliminate health disparities. ? ? ?

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL081604-03
Application #
7433221
Study Section
Biobehavioral Mechanisms of Emotion, Stress and Health Study Section (MESH)
Program Officer
Jobe, Jared B
Project Start
2006-06-01
Project End
2010-05-31
Budget Start
2008-06-01
Budget End
2009-05-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2008
Total Cost
$610,172
Indirect Cost
Name
San Diego State University
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
073371346
City
San Diego
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
92182
Shivpuri, Smriti; Allison, Matthew A; Macera, Caroline A et al. (2013) Associations between nocturnal blood pressure dipping and the metabolic syndrome in high- vs. low-acculturated Mexican American women. Am J Hypertens 26:1030-6
Fortmann, Addie L; Gallo, Linda C (2013) Social support and nocturnal blood pressure dipping: a systematic review. Am J Hypertens 26:302-10
Gallo, Linda C; Shivpuri, Smriti; Gonzalez, Patricia et al. (2013) Socioeconomic status and stress in Mexican-American women: a multi-method perspective. J Behav Med 36:379-88
Espinosa de Los Monteros, Karla; Gallo, Linda C (2013) Fatalism and cardio-metabolic dysfunction in Mexican-American women. Int J Behav Med 20:487-94
Gallo, Linda C; Fortmann, Addie L; de Los Monteros, Karla Espinosa et al. (2012) Individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status and inflammation in Mexican American women: what is the role of obesity? Psychosom Med 74:535-42
Gallo, Linda C; Fortmann, Addie L; Roesch, Scott C et al. (2012) Socioeconomic status, psychosocial resources and risk, and cardiometabolic risk in Mexican-American women. Health Psychol 31:334-42
Fortmann, Addie L; Gallo, Linda C; Roesch, Scott C et al. (2012) Socioeconomic status, nocturnal blood pressure dipping, and psychosocial factors: a cross-sectional investigation in Mexican-American women. Ann Behav Med 44:389-98
Jiménez, Jessica A; Shivpuri, Smriti; de los Monteros, Karla Espinosa et al. (2012) Associations between socioeconomic status and catecholamine levels vary by acculturation status in Mexican-American women. Ann Behav Med 44:129-35
Gonzalez, Patricia; Castaneda, Sheila F; Mills, Paul J et al. (2012) Determinants of breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening adherence in Mexican-American women. J Community Health 37:421-33
Shivpuri, S; Gallo, L C; Mills, P J et al. (2011) Trait anger, cynical hostility and inflammation in Latinas: variations by anger type? Brain Behav Immun 25:1256-63

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