Tuberculosis kills about 2 million people globally every year. A key defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections is the production of nitric oxide (NO) by macrophages. Although NO controls Mtb growth, it rarely sterilizes the bacterium from the host. Therefore, it is likely that Mtb has mechanisms to resist NO toxicity. Two genes were identified in Mtb, mpa (Mycobacterium proteasome ATPase) and pafA (proteasome associated factor), to be required for protection against NO. Importantly, mpa and pafA mutants are severely attenuated in mice. The proteasome is a multi-subunit, barrel shaped complex that degrades proteins. We hypothesize that Mpa and PafA chaperone proteins into the Mtb proteasome for degradation, but we do not know why this activity protects Mtb against NO or promotes virulence in mice. Thus, the goals of this proposal are to understand why proteasome activity protects Mtb against NO toxicity and promotes bacterial growth in vivo. We will examine proteasome-dependent gene expression to determine if genes regulated by the proteasome are required for NO-resistance or pathogenesis. In addition, we will determine how genes are regulated by the proteasome. Finally, we will identify substrates of the proteasome, which may reveal why protein degradation is critical for resistance to NO and survival in vivo. Relevance to public health: With increased age expectancy, prevalence of HIV infections and number of persons taking immunosuppressive drugs, the chances of contracting tuberculosis increases. Furthermore, tuberculosis therapy takes 6-9 months, a problem that leads to decreased compliance for taking antibiotics and increased chances of developing drug-resistant strains of Mtb. Taken together it will be important to develop faster acting drugs to new targets in Mtb in order to better treat tuberculosis in the future.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL092774-05
Application #
8120262
Study Section
Bacterial Pathogenesis Study Section (BACP)
Program Officer
Peavy, Hannah H
Project Start
2007-09-20
Project End
2013-04-04
Budget Start
2011-08-01
Budget End
2013-04-04
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$423,750
Indirect Cost
Name
New York University
Department
Microbiology/Immun/Virology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
121911077
City
New York
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10016
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Jastrab, Jordan B; Samanovic, Marie I; Copin, Richard et al. (2017) Loss-of-Function Mutations in HspR Rescue the Growth Defect of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis Proteasome Accessory Factor E (pafE) Mutant. J Bacteriol 199:
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Samanovic, Marie I; Tu, Shengjiang; Novák, Ond?ej et al. (2015) Proteasomal control of cytokinin synthesis protects Mycobacterium tuberculosis against nitric oxide. Mol Cell 57:984-994
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Shi, Xiaoshan; Festa, Richard A; Ioerger, Thomas R et al. (2014) The copper-responsive RicR regulon contributes to Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence. MBio 5:

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