Influenza A viruses cause a highly contagious acute respiratory disease. Seasonal influenza epidemics cause >300,000 deaths/yr worldwide, while pandemics elicited devastating loss of life in the 20th century, and may do so in the 21st. Currently, however, essential mechanisms underlying development of lung dysfunction and injury in influenza or any other pulmonary viral infection are poorly defined. Both respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus infection of BALB/c mice induce increased channel-mediated release of the nucleotides UTP and ATP into the bronchoalveolar lining fluid (BALF), and, in both infections, elevated BALF UTP contributes to development of lung edema and hypoxemia. RSV infection in BALB/c mice causes only mild disease while influenza causes more severe disease with many of the pathophysiologic features of acute lung injury, which is also seen in lethal pandemic or epidemic influenza in man. Importantly, following influenza, but not RSV, infection, elevated ATP release into BALF is accompanied by increased activation of A1-subtype adenosine receptors (AdoR) by the ATP degradation product adenosine. Adenosine stimulation of neutrophil A1-AdoR plays a significant role in the initiation and promotion of acute lung injury. The central hypothesis of this proposal is that influenza stimulates de novo ATP synthesis and release from infected ATII cells, that released ATP is metabolized to adenosine at an accelerated rate (due to increased ectonucleotidase CD73 activity), and that, by its effects on A1-AdoR, adenosine in the BALF plays a pivotal role in inducing lung injury in influenza. This hypothesis will be tested in 3 Specific Aims: 1) To determine temporal effects of influenza infection on pulmonary nucleotide metabolism, changes in nucleotide metabolism following influenza infection of MLE-12 cells and purified alveolar type II (ATII) cells, as well as FACS-sorted ATII cells from C57Bl/6 or SP- C/GFP mice will be measured, together with the impact of influenza infection on the BALF nucleotide profile, and the role of ERK MAP kinase in inducing nucleotide synthesis after influenza infection. 2) To determine the role of CD73 in influenza pathogenesis, effects of influenza infection on respiratory epithelial cell CD73 expression and activity will be measured;the impact of pharmacologic blockade of CD73 on influenza pathogenesis in C57BL/6 mice will be determined;and the outcome of influenza infection in CD73-knockout mice will be investigated. 3) To determine the role of adenosine/A1-AdoR receptor signaling in influenza pathogenesis, the effect of influenza-induced NF-kB activation on A1-AdoR expression in ATII cells and neutrophils will be measured;the impact of pharmacologic A1-AdoR blockade on influenza pathogenesis in C57BL/6 mice will be determined;and the outcome of influenza infection in A1-AdoR-/- knockout mice, or in A1- AdoR-/- bone marrow-chimeric mice will be investigated. Completion of these objectives will lead to increased understanding of the role of adenosine in the pathogenesis of influenza-associated lung injury, and permit determination of its potential as a target for therapeutic intervention to combat influenza-induced lung damage.

Public Health Relevance

Influenza A virus causes a highly contagious acute respiratory disease. Seasonal influenza epidemics cause >300,000 deaths/yr worldwide, while pandemics elicited devastating loss of life in the 20th century, and may do so in the 21st. The proposed studies are aimed at improving our understanding of the mechanisms underlying lung dysfunction in influenza, and identifying a novel potential target for influenza therapy.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL102469-06
Application #
8689136
Study Section
Virology - B Study Section (VIRB)
Program Officer
Reineck, Lora Ann
Project Start
2010-08-01
Project End
2015-07-31
Budget Start
2014-08-01
Budget End
2015-07-31
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Ohio State University
Department
Veterinary Sciences
Type
Schools of Veterinary Medicine
DUNS #
City
Columbus
State
OH
Country
United States
Zip Code
43210
Aeffner, Famke; Woods, Parker S; Davis, Ian C (2015) Ecto-5'-nucleotidase CD73 modulates the innate immune response to influenza infection but is not required for development of influenza-induced acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 309:L1313-22
Wu, Yun; Ma, Junyu; Woods, Parker S et al. (2015) Selective targeting of alveolar type II respiratory epithelial cells by anti-surfactant protein-C antibody-conjugated lipoplexes. J Control Release 203:140-9
Woods, Parker S; Tazi, Mia F; Chesarino, Nicholas M et al. (2015) TGF-?-induced IL-6 prevents development of acute lung injury in influenza A virus-infected F508del CFTR-heterozygous mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 308:L1136-44
Hofer, Christian C; Woods, Parker S; Davis, Ian C (2015) Infection of mice with influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus alters alveolar type II cell phenotype. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 308:L628-38
Aeffner, Famke; Woods, Parker S; Davis, Ian C (2014) Activation of A1-adenosine receptors promotes leukocyte recruitment to the lung and attenuates acute lung injury in mice infected with influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus. J Virol 88:10214-27
Aeffner, Famke; Abdulrahman, Basant; Hickman-Davis, Judy M et al. (2013) Heterozygosity for the F508del mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator anion channel attenuates influenza severity. J Infect Dis 208:780-9