The central goal of this proposal is to define how syndecan interactions modulate lung injury responses in systemic inflammatory diseases. Dysregulated lung injury responses to systemic inflammatory diseases, such as sepsis, can lead to acute lung injury (ALI) and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. However, many patients survive the initial phase of lung injury and do not progress to ALI or to the more severe form of ALI, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). These data suggest the importance of endogenous protective mechanisms that attenuate or reverse disease progression, but the underlying biology remains to be elucidated. Syndecans comprise a major family of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Syndecans function as coreceptors on the cell surface and also as soluble HSPGs in the extracelular environment because its ectodomain can be shed under inflammatory conditions. Syndecans bind to ligands through its heparan sulfate (HS) chains, a glycosaminoglycan that binds to and regulates several inflammatory mediators implicated in lung injury. However, the precise role of syndecan interactions in inflammatory lung injury has yet to be determined. Syndecan-1 null mice show increased lung injury and mortality when subjected to animal models of systemic inflammatory diseases, such as endotoxic shock, Gram-positive toxic shock, or sepsis. Syndecan-1 shedding is induced in the lungs of wild type mice by the systemic inflammatory challenge, and inhibition of shedding exacerbates lung injury, whereas administration of purified syndecan-1 ectodomain or HS improves disease parameters. Based on these data, this proposal will examine the overall hypothesis that syndecan-1 modulates, in part, the highly complex mechanisms of lung injury and repair in systemic inflammatory diseases in 3 Specific Aims.
Aim 1 wil define how syndecan-1 facilitates the resolution of lung inflammation.
Aim 2 will determine how syndecan-1 attenuates lung injury and inflammation in sepsis.
Aim 3 will establish that temporal syndecan-1 interactions regulate its shedding at the cell surface. These studies should define the key functions of syndecans in lung injury and repair, and provide a mechanistic foundation for the design and development of new therapeutic approaches against inflammatory lung diseases.

Public Health Relevance

Correctly coordinated inflammation protects from infection and helps heal tissues. However, excessive and inappropriate inflammation can damage tissues and lead to serious complications associated with high morbidity and mortality, such as lung injury, dysfunction, and failure. This grant application will investigate how one of our own molecules called syndecan corrects the dysregulated inflammatory response in the lung, with the goal of identifying new molecular targets for the effective therapeutic control of inflammatory lung diseases.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL107472-04
Application #
8610344
Study Section
Lung Injury, Repair, and Remodeling Study Section (LIRR)
Program Officer
Harabin, Andrea L
Project Start
2011-05-01
Project End
2015-02-28
Budget Start
2014-03-01
Budget End
2015-02-28
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$817,800
Indirect Cost
$347,800
Name
Children's Hospital Boston
Department
Type
DUNS #
076593722
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02115
Aquino, Rafael S; Park, Pyong Woo (2016) Glycosaminoglycans and infection. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 21:1260-77
Hayashida, Atsuko; Amano, Shiro; Gallo, Richard L et al. (2015) 2-O-Sulfated Domains in Syndecan-1 Heparan Sulfate Inhibit Neutrophil Cathelicidin and Promote Staphylococcus aureus Corneal Infection. J Biol Chem 290:16157-67
Jinno, Akiko; Park, Pyong Woo (2015) Role of glycosaminoglycans in infectious disease. Methods Mol Biol 1229:567-85
Teng, Yvonne Hui-Fang; Aquino, Rafael S; Park, Pyong Woo (2012) Molecular functions of syndecan-1 in disease. Matrix Biol 31:3-16
Nam, Eon Jeong; Park, Pyong Woo (2012) Shedding of cell membrane-bound proteoglycans. Methods Mol Biol 836:291-305