A tug-of-war concept has been proposed to explain how a chemotactic stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) gradient between bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) determines whether cells will be released and mobilized from BM into PB or home back from PB to the BM microenvironment. This concept, however, needs reappraisal because plasma SDF-1 levels do not consistently correlate with mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). At the same time, it is becoming clear that SDF-1 does not play an exclusive role in the homing of HSPCs into BM, implying the existence of additional factors. New data from our laboratory and supported by recent observations from other researchers, identify a potentially important role for the bioactive sphingolipids sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) and ceramide-1 phosphate (C1P) in trafficking of HSPCs. S1P and C1P are i) strong chemoattractants for HSPCs, ii) resistant to proteolytic enzymes, and iii) exhibit markedly increased levels in PB during mobilization and in BM after myeloablative conditioning for transplantation. Based on these data, we propose three interrelated aims to reappraise the role of SDF-1 in stem cell trafficking and address our central hypothesis that the bioactive lipids S1P and C1P play an important and presently unappreciated role in homing and mobilization of HSPCs. In addition to clinical studies, our approach will exploit small molecule- and genetics-based strategies in mouse models.
Specific Aim 1. Bioactive lipids S1P and C1P as executors of HSPC mobilization. Our recently published data support a pivotal role for the S1P- S1P receptor type 1 (S1P1) axis in egress of HSPCs from BM into PB. We will investigate the impact of mobilization on the distribution of S1P between blood compartments and determine whether the level of S1P in PB correlates with mobilization efficacy in patients. In parallel, we will address the role of C1P and investigate whether one or both bioactive lipids (which are stored in circulating red blood cells) are responsible for mobilization of HSPCs in patients with hemolytic syndromes. Finally, we will mechanistically define which mobilization steps are promoted by S1P and C1P.
Specific Aim 2. Bioactive lipids as a novel homing factors for HSPCs. Myeloablative conditioning for transplantation induces a proteolytic microenvironment in BM leading to a decrease in chemotactically active SDF-1. We have found that BM levels of S1P and C1P are increased during conditioning and that antagonism of S1P1 impairs engraftment of HSPCs. Since these lipids are strong HSPC chemoattractants for HSPCs, we will focus on their potential role in homing of HSPCs and elucidate the molecular and cellular basis for this phenomenon.
Specific Aim 3. Develop strategies to improve mobilization and homing of hematopoietic stem cells by modulating S1P and C1P signaling. Based on our preliminary data we propose to develop new strategies that will improve both mobilization and homing of HSPCs. These strategies will be tested first in mice and subsequently validated in chimeric human HSPCs/immunodeficient mouse xenotransplant models.

Public Health Relevance

With new data from our laboratory, we have identified an important potential role for bioactive sphingolipids in trafficking of HSPCs. Bioactive sphingolipids are i) strong chemoattractants for HSPCs, ii) resistant to proteolytic enzymes, and iii) markedly increased in level in PB during mobilization and in BM after myeloablative conditioning for transplantation. Based on these findings, we propose three interrelated aims to reappraise the role of SDF-1 in stem cell trafficking and address our central hypothesis that the bioactive lipids play an important and presently unappreciated role in homing and mobilization of HSPCs.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL112788-02
Application #
8666588
Study Section
Molecular and Cellular Hematology (MCH)
Program Officer
Thomas, John
Project Start
2013-06-01
Project End
2017-03-31
Budget Start
2014-04-01
Budget End
2015-03-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$366,679
Indirect Cost
$95,145
Name
University of Louisville
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
057588857
City
Louisville
State
KY
Country
United States
Zip Code
40292
Golan, Karin; Kumari, Anju; Kollet, Orit et al. (2018) Daily Onset of Light and Darkness Differentially Controls Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation and Maintenance. Cell Stem Cell 23:572-585.e7
Ratajczak, Mariusz Z (2018) Stem cells and mechanisms regulating their trafficking - a new and challenging area of investigation in modern psychiatry. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 80:1-2
Adamiak, Mateusz; Abdel-Latif, Ahmed; Ratajczak, Mariusz Z (2018) Purinergic signaling regulates mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells. Oncotarget 9:36052-36054
Ratajczak, Mariusz Z; Bujko, Kamila; Mack, Aaron et al. (2018) Cancer from the perspective of stem cells and misappropriated tissue regeneration mechanisms. Leukemia 32:2519-2526
Klyachkin, Yuri M; Idris, Amr; Rodell, Christopher B et al. (2018) Cathelicidin Related Antimicrobial Peptide (CRAMP) Enhances Bone Marrow Cell Retention and Attenuates Cardiac Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Myocardial Infarction. Stem Cell Rev 14:702-714
Ratajczak, Mariusz Z; Pedziwiatr, Daniel; Cymer, Monika et al. (2018) Sterile Inflammation of Brain, due to Activation of Innate Immunity, as a Culprit in Psychiatric Disorders. Front Psychiatry 9:60
Ratajczak, Mariusz Z; Adamiak, Mateusz; Plonka, Monika et al. (2018) Mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells as a result of innate immunity-mediated sterile inflammation in the bone marrow microenvironment-the involvement of extracellular nucleotides and purinergic signaling. Leukemia 32:1116-1123
Adamiak, Mateusz; Bujko, Kamila; Cymer, Monika et al. (2018) Novel evidence that extracellular nucleotides and purinergic signaling induce innate immunity-mediated mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Leukemia 32:1920-1931
Ratajczak, Mariusz Z (2018) Circulating Stem Cells in Physiology and Pathology - Recent Studies Published in Stem Cell Reviews and Reports. Stem Cell Rev 14:627-628
Ratajczak, Mariusz Z; Ciechanowicz, Andrzej K; Kucharska-Mazur, Jolanta et al. (2018) Stem cells and their potential clinical applications in psychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 80:3-9

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