Beginning in childhood, African Americans have higher blood pressure (BP) levels than whites. In a recent analysis by our group, African Americans without hypertension at 45 years of age had >90% lifetime risk for developing incident hypertension. Further, African Americans treated with antihypertensive medications are less likely to achieve guideline recommended BP levels when compared to whites on antihypertensive medications. The health care implications associated with hypertension in African Americans are profound;hypertension is a strong risk factor for stroke, heart failure, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), conditions that occur more frequently among African Americans than whites. In this application, we propose to incorporate a Hypertension Working Group into the Jackson Heart Study (JHS-HWG). Four thematic areas of investigation are proposed: 1. Risk factors for incident hypertension;2. BP phenotypes using 24 hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM);3. Uncontrolled treated hypertension including treatment resistant hypertension;and 4. Medication adherence. As the dysregulations underlying hypertension and BP control in African American are complex and likely multi-dimensional, we propose a multi- disciplinary team of investigators with complementary expertise in hypertension, health disparities, psychosocial health, epidemiology, biostatistics, and clinical cardiology. The JHS is an ideal population-based study to further our understanding of BP issues in African Americans. JHS enrolled 5,301 African Americans in 2000-2004 and data were collected on medication use and adherence, sub-clinical atherosclerosis measures, psychosocial variables, and blood and urine biomarkers during three study visits at 4 year intervals. Participants are being actively followed for the occurrence of clinical outcomes (e.g., coronary heart disease, hospitalized heart failure, and stroke). Additionally, ABPM was conducted at baseline in a sub-sample of 1,076 JHS participants, making this one of the largest population-based studies with ABPM in the US. ABPM can be used to estimate BP variability and diurnal BP, and diagnose white coat and masked hypertension, emerging cardiovascular disease risk factors that are understudied in African Americans. Another primary objective of the JHS - HWG will be to provide mentorship to early stage investigators (ESIs), with a special emphasis on under-represented researchers. This will include having ESIs lead JHS writing groups and JHS ancillary grant applications, to aid in their transition towards independence. The ESIs included in this application were chosen for their research potential, interest in minority health and the thematic areas in the application The principal investigators, who have an excellent track record of mentorship, will also be supported by an Advisory Committee and expert panel of Senior Faculty Mentors, who all have a strong history of mentorship as well as research productivity in minority health and hypertension-related areas. Finally, we plan to submit ancillary studies to JHS that make the JHS-HWG self-sustaining beyond the funding period.

Public Health Relevance

Compared to other race groups, African Americans are more likely to develop high blood pressure, and have higher rates of adverse blood pressure related outcomes including stroke and kidney failure. The overall objective of this proposed study is to identify novel risk factors for hypertension, factors associated with uncontrolled blood pressure and poor medication adherence among individuals with hypertension, and risk factors for various blood pressure-related phenotypes (e.g., blood pressure variability) among African Americans. Additionally, we will determine the association between these factors and the incidence of heart disease, stroke, and progression of kidney disease. Investigation into these relations may help reduce incident hypertension and the burden of hypertension-related complications among African Americans.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL117323-02
Application #
8701390
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZHL1)
Program Officer
Harman, Jane
Project Start
2013-07-15
Project End
2016-06-30
Budget Start
2014-07-01
Budget End
2015-06-30
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Alabama Birmingham
Department
Public Health & Prev Medicine
Type
Schools of Public Health
DUNS #
City
Birmingham
State
AL
Country
United States
Zip Code
35294
Bromfield, Samantha G; Booth 3rd, John N; Loop, Matthew S et al. (2018) Evaluating different criteria for defining a complete ambulatory blood pressure monitoring recording: data from the Jackson Heart Study. Blood Press Monit 23:103-111
Anstey, D Edmund; Colantonio, Lisandro D; Yano, Yuichiro et al. (2018) The importance of using 24-hour and nighttime blood pressure for the identification of white coat hypertension: Data from the Jackson Heart Study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) :
Mentz, Robert J; Greiner, Melissa A; Muntner, Paul et al. (2018) Intentional and unintentional medication non-adherence in African Americans: Insights from the Jackson Heart Study. Am Heart J 200:51-59
Booth III, John N; Li, Man; Shimbo, Daichi et al. (2018) West African Ancestry and Nocturnal Blood Pressure in African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study. Am J Hypertens 31:706-714
Mwasongwe, Stanford; Min, Yuan-I; Booth 3rd, John N et al. (2018) Masked hypertension and kidney function decline: the Jackson Heart Study. J Hypertens 36:1524-1532
Mwasongwe, Stanford E; Young, Bessie; Bidulescu, Aurelian et al. (2018) Relation of multi-marker panel to incident chronic kidney disease and rapid kidney function decline in African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study. BMC Nephrol 19:239
Irvin, Marguerite R; Booth 3rd, John N; Sims, Mario et al. (2018) The association of nocturnal hypertension and nondipping blood pressure with treatment-resistant hypertension: The Jackson Heart Study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 20:438-446
Ravenell, Joseph; Shimbo, Daichi; Booth 3rd, John N et al. (2017) Thresholds for Ambulatory Blood Pressure Among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study. Circulation 135:2470-2480
Abdalla, Marwah (2017) Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring: A Complementary Strategy for Hypertension Diagnosis and Management in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries. Cardiol Clin 35:117-124
Tajeu, Gabriel S; Booth 3rd, John N; Colantonio, Lisandro D et al. (2017) Incident Cardiovascular Disease Among Adults With Blood Pressure <140/90 mm?Hg. Circulation 136:798-812

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