Identifying novel endogenous ligands that promote thrombosis and inflammatory processes in pathological settings, such as, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and vascular hypertension may lead to new therapies that improve outcomes in patients at high risk for stroke. A variant of fibronectin (FN) containing the alternatively-spliced extra domain A (EDA+-FN), which is absent in the arteries or circulation of healthy humans and mice, is specifically expressed in the endothelium of atherosclerotic arteries and elevated in circulation during pathological settings, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis and vascular hypertension, most likely due to endothelial dysfunction. Recently, we have discovered that EDA+-FN promotes thrombosis and inflammatory processes. The underlying mechanisms by which EDA+-FN contributes to thrombosis and inflammation are not well understood. EDA+-FN is known to activate the toll-like- receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway. Additionally, EDA is a ligand for integrin ?9?1, which is expressed on inflammatory cells, such as, neutrophils and macrophages. Hypercholesterolemia is one of the major risk factors for acute stroke in humans. Therefore, in hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-, atherosclerosis prone) mice, we propose to test the central hypothesis that EDA+-FN contributes to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) brain injury in pathological setting, and that it does so by enhancing thrombosis and inflammatory processes via parallel ?9?1and TLR4-mediated pathways.
In Aim1, we will define the role of TLR4 in EDA+-FN-mediated thrombosis and inflammatory I/R brain injury.
In Aim 2, we will determine the role of integrin ?9?1 in EDA+-FN -mediated thrombosis and inflammatory I/R brain injury.
In Aim 3, we will define the role of plasma versus endothelial cell EDA+-FN in I/R brain injury. Furthermore, we will determine the source of EDA+-FN in the plasma of the aforementioned pathological conditions. As a translational approach, we will test the hypothesis that blocking EDA+-FN with specific monoclonal antibodies will reduce stroke injury in the context of hypercholesterolemia. To achieve our specific experimental goals, we have developed novel genetically modified mice strains and reagents that we will share with other researchers in the field. The contribution of th proposed studies is highly clinically significant as it determine the mechanistic insights by which EDA+-FN promotes thrombosis and inflammatory brain injury in disease context of atherosclerosis. The proposal has future translational potential, as it may have significant impact on the diagnosis and treatment of common thrombo-inflammatory diseases including acute stroke.

Public Health Relevance

Despite advances in therapy during last 20 years, stroke still continues to be 4th most common threat to life and health in the United States and worldwide, and accounts for rising health costs. The proposed studies are expected to yield important mechanistic insights by which fibronectin containing alternatively spliced extra domain A promotes thrombosis and ischemia/reperfusion brain injury in disease context of atherosclerosis. When this work is completed, it is conceivable that the resulting knowledge will reveal a novel pathway that may translate into improved diagnosis and therapies, thus limiting stroke injury in pathological settings, such as diabetes, hypertension and atherosclerosis.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01HL118742-01A1
Application #
8630620
Study Section
Hemostasis and Thrombosis Study Section (HT)
Program Officer
Sarkar, Rita
Project Start
2014-01-01
Project End
2018-12-31
Budget Start
2014-01-01
Budget End
2014-12-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$339,750
Indirect Cost
$114,750
Name
University of Iowa
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
062761671
City
Iowa City
State
IA
Country
United States
Zip Code
52242
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