Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly becoming a global pandemic and is projected to afflict more than 300 million individuals worldwide by the year 2025. This disease constitutes a major independent risk factor for heart attack and myocardial cell death. The current lines of drug therapy are insufficient to control this devastating disease and its serious cardiovascular complications. Based on our ample preliminary data, the current project is designed to test the following central HYPOTHESIS: Chronic inhibition of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) protects T2D hearts through suppression of myocardial oxidative stress and inflammasome formation via the AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1? signal transduction network that leads to induction of mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme - glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 (GSTK1) and improvement of mitochondrial function. We propose the following 3 specific aims.
Aim 1 : PDE-5 inhibition with tadalafil activates AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1? signaling pathway and attenuates cell death (necrosis/apoptosis) and mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction following myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in T2D. Using db/db and high fat diet (HFD)-fed T2D mice, we will demonstrate the effect of tadalafil treatment on a) AMPK phosphorylation, eNOS and nitric oxide generation; b) the possible loss of cardioprotection in the AMPK?2 dominant negative transgenic mice following I/R; c) the role of AMPK in activating Sirt1 and PGC-1?; and d) the potential interplay of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) and AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1? signal transduction network in attenuation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis/necrosis and mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction following I/R.
Aim 2 : PDE-5 inhibition restores depressed level of mitochondrial GSTK1 in the T2D hearts and attenuates I/R injury via its antioxidant as well as lipid-regulating properties. Using GSTK1 knockout mice with HFD-induced T2D, we will demonstrate the causative role of GSTK1 in PDE-5 inhibitor-induced cardioprotection and lipid regulating properties in T2D. We will also induce targeted overexpression of GSTK1 by direct intramyocardial injection of adenoviral GSTK1 to demonstrate the direct cause and effect relationship of GSTK1 in reducing I/R injury in T2D hearts.
Aim 3 : PDE-5 inhibitors attenuate inflammation through suppression of inflammasome and inhibition of caspase-1 in diabetic heart. We will examine: a) the role of PDE-5 inhibitors in attenuating inflammosome formation with consequent inhibition of caspase-1 activity following I/R in the heart and cardiomyocytes; b) the role of AMPK and Sirt-1 in attenuation of inflammasome formation; c) the involvement of AMPK, GSTK1, and PKG1? in prevention of inflammasome formation following I/R. Overall, the proposed studies will pave the way to a potentially novel pharmacotherapy against inflammation and cardiac injuries resulting from T2D conditions.

Public Health Relevance

Oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and inflammation are critical early cellular events that lead to the development of Type 2 diabetes which has serious consequences in the development of cardiovascular diseases with devastating outcomes such as coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, hypertrophy, and heart failure. The project goal is to test a novel and innovative hypothesis that phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors including sildenafil (Viagra) and tadalafil (Cialis) may have a positive role in halting inflammatin and damage to the diabetic heart following heart attack. We believe that our study will have an immediate impact in the development of novel cardioprotective strategies leading to long-term beneficial outcome in heart disease, especially in patients with Type 2 diabetes.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL118808-05
Application #
9262271
Study Section
Atherosclerosis and Inflammation of the Cardiovascular System Study Section (AICS)
Program Officer
Wong, Renee P
Project Start
2013-07-15
Project End
2019-04-30
Budget Start
2017-05-01
Budget End
2019-04-30
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2017
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Virginia Commonwealth University
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
105300446
City
Richmond
State
VA
Country
United States
Zip Code
23298
Wang, Rui; Xi, Lei; Kukreja, Rakesh C (2017) PDE5 Inhibitor Tadalafil and Hydroxychloroquine Cotreatment Provides Synergistic Protection against Type 2 Diabetes and Myocardial Infarction in Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 361:29-38
Filippone, Scott M; Samidurai, Arun; Roh, Sean K et al. (2017) Reperfusion Therapy with Rapamycin Attenuates Myocardial Infarction through Activation of AKT and ERK. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017:4619720
Samidurai, Arun; Salloum, Fadi N; Durrant, David et al. (2017) Chronic treatment with novel nanoformulated micelles of rapamycin, Rapatar, protects diabetic heart against ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Br J Pharmacol 174:4771-4784
Kuriakose, Robin K; Kukreja, Rakesh C; Xi, Lei (2016) Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Hypertension-Exacerbated Cardiotoxicity of Anticancer Drugs. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016:8139861
Gill, Rabia; Kuriakose, Robin; Gertz, Zachary M et al. (2015) Remote ischemic preconditioning for myocardial protection: update on mechanisms and clinical relevance. Mol Cell Biochem 402:41-9
Das, Anindita; Durrant, David; Salloum, Fadi N et al. (2015) PDE5 inhibitors as therapeutics for heart disease, diabetes and cancer. Pharmacol Ther 147:12-21
Salloum, Fadi N; Sturz, Gregory R; Yin, Chang et al. (2015) Beetroot juice reduces infarct size and improves cardiac function following ischemia-reperfusion injury: Possible involvement of endogenous H2S. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 240:669-81
Das, Anindita; Salloum, Fadi N; Filippone, Scott M et al. (2015) Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin protects against reperfusion injury in diabetic heart through STAT3 signaling. Basic Res Cardiol 110:31
Kukreja, Rakesh C (2014) Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase: a potential new target for suppressing inflammation in heart failure? J Am Heart Assoc 3:e001591
Koka, Saisudha; Aluri, Hema S; Xi, Lei et al. (2014) Chronic inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 with tadalafil attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic hearts: potential role of NO/SIRT1/PGC-1? signaling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 306:H1558-68

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