Striated muscle contraction involves highly dynamic processes that require coordinated communication among, and relative movement of, individual thin filament components. The goal of this application is to understand how human cardiomyopathy mutations located at conserved interfaces between thin filament subunits lead to disease. Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, benefits from robust experimental tools that permit efficient tissue-specific expression of disease alleles in cardiac or skeletal muscle and relatively rapid genetic interaction screens. The fly represents a powerful in vivo system to scrutinize the most proximal consequences of thin filament lesions to facilitate our effort to discern the molecular basis of contractile regulation and, importantly, of myopathic responses in humans. A remarkably integrative approach will be employed that relies upon several new Drosophila models of actin and troponin T (TnT)-based cardiomyopathies. Animal models do not currently exist for five of the six mutations under investigation here, minimizing our comprehension of the pathological effects of these disease alleles in the physiological context of muscle. Using a unique combination of imaging techniques that includes high-speed live video, confocal, atomic force and electron microscopy we will define, for the first time, the structural and functional effects of the cardiomyopathy mutations from the tissue to the molecular level. The studies will involve pioneering strategies to evaluate Drosophila systolic and diastolic molecular mechanics in vivo.
Aim 1 will focus on multiple hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) models that express one of three a-cardiac actin missense mutations. We will test the hypothesis that the HCM actin variants induce similar cardiac and skeletal pathology in flies due to equivalently disturbed tropomyosin (Tm)-based contractile regulation that leads to excessive contractile activity.
For Aim 2 the hierarchical effects of several TnT cardiomyopathy mutations will be delineated. We will test the hypothesis that the mutations differentially influence TnT-Tm interaction, which distinctly affects the extent of contractile inhibition and consequently prompts diverse cardiac remodeling in flies.
For Aim 3 second-site actin mutations will be used to improve cardiac dysfunction initiated by aberrant TnT, in vivo and in vitro. Using Drosophila we identified specific actin lesions that suppress TnT-mediated skeletal myopathy. We will now test the hypothesis that, when co-expressed, these second-site actin mutations can ameliorate TnT-based cardiomyopathies in our fly models. Overall this work is significant since it will provide critical structural-functional information necessary to better comprehend how the thin filament machine functions normally and during disease. Additionally, our efforts will yield genotype-phenotype information in a less complex model system that limits genetic modifiers and environmental factors to help establish paradigms and treatment strategies for pathological processes involved in cardiac remodeling.

Public Health Relevance

We propose to use a transgenic animal model system, Drosophila melanogaster (the fruit fly), to define the mechanisms by which mutations in various thin filament components lead to human cardiac disease. We will produce several new models of actin and troponin-T-based cardiomyopathies to determine the molecular defects that drive diverse and complex tissue remodeling. Finally, in vivo genetic suppression experiments, designed to ameliorate cardiac decline during troponin-T-mediated disease, will resolve novel interactions among thin filament components involved in regulating muscle contraction.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01HL124091-01A1
Application #
8884895
Study Section
Cardiac Contractility, Hypertrophy, and Failure Study Section (CCHF)
Program Officer
Lathrop, David A
Project Start
2015-09-01
Project End
2019-06-30
Budget Start
2015-09-01
Budget End
2016-06-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Johns Hopkins University
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
001910777
City
Baltimore
State
MD
Country
United States
Zip Code
21205
Limpitikul, Worawan B; Viswanathan, Meera C; O'Rourke, Brian et al. (2018) Conservation of cardiac L-type Ca2+ channels and their regulation in Drosophila: A novel genetically-pliable channelopathic model. J Mol Cell Cardiol 119:64-74
Chen, Chin-Lin; Hermans, Laura; Viswanathan, Meera C et al. (2018) Imaging neural activity in the ventral nerve cord of behaving adult Drosophila. Nat Commun 9:4390
Ren, Xianfeng; Schmidt, William; Huang, Yiyuan et al. (2018) Fropofol decreases force development in cardiac muscle. FASEB J 32:4203-4213
Viswanathan, Meera C; Tham, Rick C; Kronert, William A et al. (2017) Myosin storage myopathy mutations yield defective myosin filament assembly in vitro and disrupted myofibrillar structure and function in vivo. Hum Mol Genet 26:4799-4813
Viswanathan, Meera C; Schmidt, William; Rynkiewicz, Michael J et al. (2017) Distortion of the Actin A-Triad Results in Contractile Disinhibition and Cardiomyopathy. Cell Rep 20:2612-2625
Blice-Baum, Anna C; Zambon, Alexander C; Kaushik, Gaurav et al. (2017) Modest overexpression of FOXO maintains cardiac proteostasis and ameliorates age-associated functional decline. Aging Cell 16:93-103
Kooij, Viola; Viswanathan, Meera C; Lee, Dong I et al. (2016) Profilin modulates sarcomeric organization and mediates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Cardiovasc Res 110:238-48
Viswanathan, Meera C; Blice-Baum, Anna C; Sang, Tzu-Kang et al. (2016) Cardiac-Restricted Expression of VCP/TER94 RNAi or Disease Alleles Perturbs Drosophila Heart Structure and Impairs Function. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 3:
Achal, Madhulika; Trujillo, Adriana S; Melkani, Girish C et al. (2016) A Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Mutation in an Invariant Proline at the Myosin Head/Rod Junction Enhances Head Flexibility and Function, Yielding Muscle Defects in Drosophila. J Mol Biol 428:2446-2461
Viswanathan, Meera C; Blice-Baum, Anna C; Schmidt, William et al. (2015) Pseudo-acetylation of K326 and K328 of actin disrupts Drosophila melanogaster indirect flight muscle structure and performance. Front Physiol 6:116

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