Ca2+ controls cardiac function by acting as the primary regulator of the sarcomeric contractile machinery and as a second messenger in the signal transduction pathways that control cardiac growth, metabolism and pathological remodeling. Ca2+ handling in striated muscle is tightly regulated by Ca2+ pumps in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and plasma membranes that maintain intracellular Ca2+ levels ~10,000-fold lower than extracellular and SR concentrations. Ca2+ release from the SR membrane transiently increases Ca2+ levels in the cytosol, triggering actomyosin cross-bridge formation within the sarcomere to generate contractile force. Reuptake of Ca2+ into the SR by sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) is necessary for muscle relaxation and restores SR Ca2+ levels for subsequent contraction-relaxation cycles. SERCA thus serves as a central regulator of cardiac function, as well as the pathogenic signaling cascades that drive heart disease. The activity of SERCA in the heart is modulated by phospholamban (PLN), a tiny peptide that interacts with SERCA in the SR membrane and diminishes Ca2+ pump activity. We discovered that a cardiac-specific RNA annotated as a long noncoding RNA actually encodes a previously unrecognized micropeptide, which we named DWORF (Dwarf Open Reading Frame). During the initial funding period we showed that DWORF has a higher binding affinity for SERCA than PLN and that DWORF overexpression mitigates the contractile dysfunction associated with PLN overexpression, substantiating its role as a potent activator of SERCA. Additionally, using a mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy, we showed that DWORF overexpression restores cardiac function and prevents the pathological remodeling and Ca2+ dysregulation. Our results established DWORF as a potent activator of SERCA within the heart and as an attractive candidate for a heart failure therapeutic. Recently, we discovered two PLN-related micropeptides, referred to as Endoregulin (ELN) and Another-regulin (ALN), which associate with specific SERCA isoforms, suggesting their involvement in SERCA-dependent Ca2+ signaling. Collectively, we refer to this family of inhibitory SERCA micropeptides as Regulins. Our discovery of the DWORF- Regulin micropeptides provides new inroads into our understanding of the mechanisms involved in cardiac contractility and function and points to unexplored roles of micropeptides in the control of cardiovascular physiology and pathology. Our hypothesis is that DWORF-Regulin micropeptides are critical for cellular homeostasis and stress adaptation in disease, such that these micropeptides can serve as therapeutic targets for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The overall goals of this proposal are to define the functions and regulatory protein-protein interactions of DWORF and Regulins in the cardiovascular system and evaluate their therapeutic significance.

Public Health Relevance

The proposed research is relevant to public health because understanding the regulatory roles of the micropeptides discovered in our lab to have key roles in development, function and disease of muscle cells, provides new insights in fundamental cellular processes and provides opportunities for therapeutic manipulation of cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Thus, this proposal is relevant to the part of NIH?s mission that pertains to fostering fundamental creative discoveries and innovative research strategies as a basis for ultimately protecting health.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01HL130253-05
Application #
9817630
Study Section
Cardiac Contractility, Hypertrophy, and Failure Study Section (CCHF)
Program Officer
Wong, Renee P
Project Start
2015-12-16
Project End
2024-01-31
Budget Start
2020-02-01
Budget End
2021-01-31
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2020
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Texas Sw Medical Center Dallas
Department
Biochemistry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
800771545
City
Dallas
State
TX
Country
United States
Zip Code
75390
Makarewich, Catherine A; Munir, Amir Z; Schiattarella, Gabriele G et al. (2018) The DWORF micropeptide enhances contractility and prevents heart failure in a mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Elife 7:
Long, Chengzu; Li, Hui; Tiburcy, Malte et al. (2018) Correction of diverse muscular dystrophy mutations in human engineered heart muscle by single-site genome editing. Sci Adv 4:eaap9004
Amoasii, Leonela; Hildyard, John C W; Li, Hui et al. (2018) Gene editing restores dystrophin expression in a canine model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Science 362:86-91
Papizan, James B; Vidal, Alexander H; Bezprozvannaya, Svetlana et al. (2018) Cullin-3-RING ubiquitin ligase activity is required for striated muscle function in mice. J Biol Chem 293:8802-8811
Amoasii, Leonela; Olson, Eric N; Bassel-Duby, Rhonda (2018) Control of Muscle Metabolism by the Mediator Complex. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 8:
Hashimoto, Hisayuki; Olson, Eric N; Bassel-Duby, Rhonda (2018) Therapeutic approaches for cardiac regeneration and repair. Nat Rev Cardiol 15:585-600
Makarewich, Catherine A; Baskin, Kedryn K; Munir, Amir Z et al. (2018) MOXI Is a Mitochondrial Micropeptide That Enhances Fatty Acid ?-Oxidation. Cell Rep 23:3701-3709
Bi, Pengpeng; McAnally, John R; Shelton, John M et al. (2018) Fusogenic micropeptide Myomixer is essential for satellite cell fusion and muscle regeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:3864-3869
Zhang, Yu; Long, Chengzu; Li, Hui et al. (2017) CRISPR-Cpf1 correction of muscular dystrophy mutations in human cardiomyocytes and mice. Sci Adv 3:e1602814
Makarewich, Catherine A; Olson, Eric N (2017) Mining for Micropeptides. Trends Cell Biol 27:685-696

Showing the most recent 10 out of 31 publications