Hypertension is a serious risk factor for myocardial infarction, heart failure, vascular disease, stroke, and renal failure. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure (BP). Recent genome wise association studies (GWAS) have shown that an A/G SNP (rs2004776) located at +1164 in intron-I of the human angiotensinogen (hAGT) gene is associated with hypertension. The nucleotide sequence of hAGT gene containing +1164A allele has stronger homology with HNF-3 binding site as compared to +1164G. HNF3 family belongs to pioneer transcription factors whose binding to promoters and enhancers enables chromatin access for other tissue-specific transcription factors. SNPs in the promoter and intron I of the hAGT gene can be divided in 2 major haplotypes: haplotype-I (containing +1164A) and II (containing +1164G). Nucleotide variants in haplotype-I bind more strongly to transcription factors as compared to haplotype-II and reporter construct containing haplotype-I has increased promoter activity as compared to haplotype-II on transient transfection. Transgenic mice containing either haplotype-I or II of the hAGT gene were generated by knock-in approach at the HPRT locus. Preliminary studies have shown that: (a) CpG dinucleotides in the hAGT promoter of TG mice containing haplotype- I are hypo-methylated and accessible to transcription factors as compared to haplotype-II, (b) male TG mice containing haplotype-I have increased basal and GR induced expression of the hAGT gene in liver, kidney and fat as compared to haplotype-II, (c) chromatin from liver and kidney of transgenic animals containing haplotype-I binds more strongly to HNF3?, C/EBP?, STAT-3 and GR as compared to haplotype-II, (d) double TG mice containing hREN gene and haplotype-I of the hAGT gene have increased BP as compared to haplotype-II which is further increased by Western diet containing high carbohydrate: high fat: high salt diet. In the present application, th role of SNP at +1164 and other cis-acting DNA elements in intron-I on transcriptional regulation of the hAGT gene will be analyzed by DNA methylation assay, chromosome conformation capture (3C) assay, ChIP assay and transient transfection assay. The effect of Western diet on the expression of the hAGT gene, blood pressure regulation, and end organ damage will be analyzed using male/female double transgenic mice containing hREN gene and either haplotype-I or haplotype-II of the hAGT gene.
Hypertension is a serious risk factor for myocardial infarction, heart failure, vascular disease, stroke, and renal failure. Our studies will help us understand molecular mechanism involved in hypertension in male/female and young/old animals.
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| Rana, Anita; Jain, Sudhir; Puri, Nitin et al. (2017) The transcriptional regulation of the human angiotensinogen gene after high-fat diet is haplotype-dependent: Novel insights into the gene-regulatory networks and implications for human hypertension. PLoS One 12:e0176373 |
