Following loss of ~58% of lung units by right pneumonectomy (PNX) in adult canines, supra-threshold tissue and microvascular mechanical stress additively stimulate compensatory lung growth and remodeling (CLGR) of remaining lung units, leading to regeneration of alveolar tissue-capillaries and restoring ~50% of the lost function. This robust model of regeneration mimics the consequences of destructive lung disease, allowing exploration of adaptive mechanisms in the remaining functioning lung units capable of responding, irrespective of the specific pathology causing destruction. CLGR is plastic; supplementation of growth promoters, e.g., retinoic acid or erythropoietin (Epo), further enhances alveolar tissue-capillary formation in remaining lobes but has not further augmented lung function, indicating a structure-function discrepancy in response to exogenous stimulation. This may be because mechanically induced lung growth also increases oxidative stress, which in turn limits growth and remodeling; also newly added tissue-capillaries may distort architecture of the acinus, the fundamental unit of gas exchange, and detract from functional enhancement. Anti-oxidation may be a key factor in resolving the structure-function discrepancy. Oxidative stress, paracrine Epo signaling via its receptor (EpoR), and the circulating anti-oxidative factor ?Klotho, are all persistently elevated during post-PNX CLGR. ?Klotho acts upstream of EpoR to enhance EpoR cytoprotection in vitro, suggesting that ?Klotho may also enhance angiogenic stimulation via the Epo-EpoR axis. We propose that optimal CLGR requires a balance between mechanical signals and cytoprotection, and concurrent ?Klotho anti-oxidation may enhance EpoR-stimulated angiogenesis in CLGR.
Aim 1 will test the hypothesis that ?Klotho and EpoR mutually enhance each other to relieve oxidative stress in the lung, using mice with lung-specific conditional EpoR deletion genetic Klotho insufficiency, exposed to oxidant challenge.
Aim 2 will test the hypothesis that ?Klotho augments EpoR-mediated angiogenic stimulation and acinar remodeling in CLGR to facilitate translation of structural growth into functional gain. We will concurrently deliver nanoparticles containing EpoR and/or ?Klotho cDNA to post-PNX young and adult canine lungs, to assess alveolar-capillary regrowth (in vivo CT and electron microscopy), angiogenic factor and progenitor cell distribution, stratified acinar architecture (microCT) and functional compensation. Finally, we will develop and compare (?Klotho+EpoR) cDNA treatment in PNX model with a canine unilateral elastase emphysema model characterized by reduced mechanical stress and elevated inflammatory oxidative stress. These issues of stratified acinar remodeling, growth-stimulation vs. cytoprotection balance, and overcoming structure-function discrepancy in CLGR, have not been examined; they directly impact any intervention aimed at promoting repair and regeneration of the native functioning lung units in destructive lung disease, e.g., emphysema or fibrosis as well as in transplanted or bioengineered lungs.

Public Health Relevance

Following loss of one lung, the remaining lung units experience increased mechanical and oxidative stress, and adapt by generating new tissue and capillaries and remodeling its architecture. The potential for regenerative growth is retained in all species that have been studied, and in young as well as adult lungs, although the response in adults is incomplete and in need of ways of augmentation. We will use state-of-the- art imaging techniques and nanotechnology to test a novel treatment strategy that reducing oxidative stress enhances natural regenerative response and improves lung function.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01HL134373-01A1
Application #
9263555
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Lin, Sara
Project Start
2017-01-01
Project End
2020-11-30
Budget Start
2017-01-01
Budget End
2017-11-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2017
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Texas Sw Medical Center Dallas
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
800771545
City
Dallas
State
TX
Country
United States
Zip Code
75390
Dane, D Merrill; Cao, Khoa; Lu, Hua et al. (2018) Acclimatization of low altitude-bred deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) to high altitude. J Appl Physiol (1985) :
Gazdhar, Amiq; Ravikumar, Priya; Pastor, Johanne et al. (2018) Alpha-Klotho Enrichment in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Secretome Contributes to Antioxidative Protection in Acute Lung Injury. Stem Cells 36:616-625
Hsia, Connie C W (2017) Comparative analysis of the mechanical signals in lung development and compensatory growth. Cell Tissue Res 367:687-705
Hsia, Connie C W; Ravikumar, Priya; Ye, Jianfeng (2017) Acute lung injury complicating acute kidney injury: A model of endogenous ?Klotho deficiency and distant organ dysfunction. Bone 100:100-109
Wu, Jinglei; Ravikumar, Priya; Nguyen, Kytai T et al. (2017) Lung protection by inhalation of exogenous solubilized extracellular matrix. PLoS One 12:e0171165