Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, contributing to 1 in 9 deaths in the US. Consequently, there is an enormous need for new HF therapies, which can only emerge from discovery of new therapeutic targets. In the past, inotropic drugs that enhance myocardial performance acutely were developed to treat HF, but most of them are now contraindicated because they worsen HF outcomes long-term. Recently, we developed a novel culturing method, termed Matrigel Mattress, which allowed the simultaneous assessment of contractile performance and calcium dynamics in individual human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Using the Matrigel Mattress method as a basis for a chemical screening platform, we discovered that the small molecule EGM significantly enhanced both inotropy and lusitropy in hiPSC-CMs and improved cardiac function in vivo. Unlike the traditional inotropes, EGM did not affect calcium (Ca) cycling, cellular cAMP concentrations or increase the beat rate, suggesting it acts by a fundamentally novel mechanism. To unlock the mechanistic underpinnings of EGM's pharmacology, we carried out a biochemical pull-down assay and identified farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS), required for protein prenylation, as a candidate target of EGM. Consistent with prior studies demonstrating that FDPS contributes to hypertrophy and HF in animal models, we found that naturally occurring variants in the FDPS gene were highly associated with HF in Vanderbilt University Medical Center's electronic health record-linked DNA database. The latter result, based on real world clinical data, raises the exciting possibility that modulating the level of FDPS activity over a course of a person's life can significantly alter HF natural history; and that compounds like EGM that inhibit FDPS may improve long-term HF outcomes. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that EGM enhances myocardial performance by inhibiting FDPS, and that FDPS inhibition improves both acute cardiac function and long-term HF outcome. Here, we propose innovative chemical and functional genomic approaches to elucidate the role of FDPS in EGM function.
In Aim 1, we will carry out a structure activity relationship (SAR) study of EGM analogs to determine whether FDPS inhibition is essential for EGM function.
In Aim 2, we will employ the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing to determine whether ablating the FDPS gene recapitulates EGM's unique pharmacology in hiPSC-CMs.
In Aim 3, we will utilize the CRISPR/Cas9- directed homology directed repair (HDR) to introduce the nucleotide changes corresponding to the CHF- associated FDPS variants, and evaluate their impact on hiPSC-CM performance and FDPS function. The proposed study will delineate the effects of FDPS modulation on myocardial performance, and possibly identify additional targets of EGM. This study leverages the unique pharmacology of EGM to lay the foundation for a new understanding of myocardial regulation and the new therapeutic paradigm of ?dual purpose? drugs that acutely relieve HF symptoms as well as improve long-term HF outcomes.

Public Health Relevance

There is a tremendous unmet need for new therapies for heart failure, which affects six million Americans, but drugs developed in the past produced severe side effects such as rapid heart rate and death. We discovered a novel drug-like compound that improves heart muscle cell function without deleterious effects. Studying the mechanism of action of this compound will improve our understanding of heart muscle regulation and pave the way for development of new, safe and effective medicine to treat heart failure.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01HL135129-01A1
Application #
9448697
Study Section
Myocardial Ischemia and Metabolism Study Section (MIM)
Program Officer
Desvigne-Nickens, Patrice
Project Start
2017-12-15
Project End
2021-11-30
Budget Start
2017-12-15
Budget End
2018-11-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Department
Type
DUNS #
079917897
City
Nashville
State
TN
Country
United States
Zip Code
37232
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Chun, Young Wook; Durbin, Matthew D; Hong, Charles C (2018) Genome Editing and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Technologies for Personalized Study of Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Cardiol Rep 20:38
Durbin, Matthew D; Cadar, Adrian G; Chun, Young Wook et al. (2018) Investigating pediatric disorders with induced pluripotent stem cells. Pediatr Res 84:499-508
Durbin, Matthew D; Cadar, Adrian G; Williams, Charles H et al. (2017) Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Sequencing Reveals a Novel NOTCH1 Mutation in a Family with Single Ventricle Defects. Pediatr Cardiol 38:1232-1240
Cadar, Adrian G; Feaster, Tromondae K; Durbin, Matthew D et al. (2017) Production of Single Contracting Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes: Matrigel Mattress Technique. Curr Protoc Stem Cell Biol 42:4A.14.1-4A.14.7