Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by unrelenting scarring and stiffening of the lungs that leads to death within 3-4 years after diagnosis. As IPF kills 40,000 individuals in the U.S. each year, new treatments are urgently needed to abrupt the progression of this disease. We have found that the focal adhesion gene, tensin (TNS1), plays a role in myofibroblast differentiation, the formation of new extracellular matrix (ECM), and the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. However, it is not known how TNS1 mediates matrix remodeling and lung function decline. Our rationale is that determining the role of TNS1 in myofibroblast differentiation and development of pulmonary fibrosis will allow us to directly target new ECM formation, thus disrupting progression of the disease. We hypothesize that TNS1 cooperates with focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Rho-dependent signals to induce myofibroblast differentiation and pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. To test this hypothesis, we will:
Aim 1. Determine how TNS1 modifies the reparative response to injury in vivo. Key findings in human disease and in vitro models suggest a key role for TNS1 in matrix assembly and the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. In this aim, we will determine how TNS1 modifies the in vivo reparative response to injury. To do so, we will utilize conditional deletion of TNS1 in an in vivo model of injury/repair (bleomycin model) to determine how TNS1-associated signaling modifies early injury responses, global reparative response, and cell fate determination during repair.
Aim 2. Determine cooperative signaling used by TNS1 to promote fibronectin matrix assembly and myofibroblast differentiation. We hypothesize that TNS1 may cooperate with Rho and FAK to modify cell fate, and integrin-linked kinase signaling to facilitate fibronectin (FN) matrix assembly. To elucidate the pathways involved in FN matrix assembly, we will utilize human lung primary cell cultures and murine cell cultures from TNS1f,f mice to determine how TNS1 localizes to adhesive complexes, modifies Rho, ILK, and FAK signaling, and facilitates fibrillar adhesion formation, FN fibril assembly, and ECM deposition. Upon completion of these studies, we will have determined key signaling events in modifying the reparative response to injury and key signaling pathways that modify FN matrix assembly. This knowledge will provide targets for intervention to disrupt cell-mediated matrix formation, thereby expanding our therapeutic options to halt pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. As a physician-scientist who is both dedicated to the care of patients with pulmonary fibrosis and has a track-record of productive investigation of mechanisms mediating myofibroblast development, matrix assembly, and in vivo fibrosis, I am well-poised to lead this study and bring this work to completion.
Pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is often is a progressive, fatal disease characterized by unrelenting scarring and stiffening of the lungs, and few FDA-approved treatments. This proposal aims to determine the role that signaling through the adhesion gene tensin1 plays in the formation of fibronectin matrix and pulmonary fibrosis. Through these studies, we may identify new therapeutic targets to halt the progression of this deadly disorder.
