The proposed research is designed to shed light on the psychophysiological bases of individual differences in infants' emotional expression and regulation, and to identify psychophysiological indices of vulnerability to the development of affective and/or other behavioral disorders in early childhood. In a previous study, it was found that infants of depressed mothers exhibit atypical patterns of frontal lobe electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, as compared to infants of non- depressed mothers. These findings are particularly interesting in light of research documenting the role of the frontal lobe in affect expression, and in adult depression. In the present application, a replication of these findings with an independent sample of mothers and infants is reported. The purpose of the proposed research is to further explore the nature and clinical significance of these findings. Specifically, the research is designed to examine the consistency of infants' patterns of frontal EEG across different situations, and to determine whether the relation between maternal depression and infant frontal EEG is mediated by the mother's behavior toward her infant, as measured in situations outside of the psychophysiology laboratory. In addition, the research is designed to determine the degree to which infants' patterns of frontal EEG are stable from infancy to toddlerhood, and whether changes over time in mothers' depressive symptoms influence stability. Finally, the extent to which measures of frontal EEG enhance our ability to predict infants' behavioral disturbances when the infants reach toddlerhood (30 months) will be examined. Participants will be 135 30-month-old infants and their mothers, who previously participated in psychophysiological (EEG) and behavioral testing when the infants were 14 months of age. At that time, 75 of the mothers reported elevated levels of depressive symptoms and 60 mothers reported very few or no depressive symptoms and no current or past major depressive episodes. Thirty-month-old infants and their mothers will participate in psychophysiological testing designed to measure frontal EEG and autonomic activity during baseline and emotion-eliciting conditions. Mothers and infants also will be observed outside the psychophysiological laboratory in situations designed to assess patterns of mother-infant interaction and infant mastery motivation. Infant behavioral measures will focus on the assessment of affective behavior, task persistence (attention and mastery motivation), and self-regulation. Maternal behavior will be examined in three parallel realms: affective behavior, maternal strategies for directing her infant's attention, and maternal strategies for facilitating self-regulation. Mother's and teacher's report of child problem behaviors also will be assessed.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01MH047117-04
Application #
2247424
Study Section
Child Psychopathology and Treatment Review Committee (CPT)
Project Start
1991-02-01
Project End
1996-05-31
Budget Start
1994-06-01
Budget End
1995-05-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
1994
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Washington
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
135646524
City
Seattle
State
WA
Country
United States
Zip Code
98195
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Dawson, Geraldine; Ashman, Sharon B; Panagiotides, Heracles et al. (2003) Preschool outcomes of children of depressed mothers: role of maternal behavior, contextual risk, and children's brain activity. Child Dev 74:1158-75
Ashman, Sharon B; Dawson, Geraldine; Panagiotides, Heracles et al. (2002) Stress hormone levels of children of depressed mothers. Dev Psychopathol 14:333-49
Dawson, G; Ashman, S B; Carver, L J (2000) The role of early experience in shaping behavioral and brain development and its implications for social policy. Dev Psychopathol 12:695-712
Dawson, G; Frey, K; Self, J et al. (1999) Frontal brain electrical activity in infants of depressed and nondepressed mothers: relation to variations in infant behavior. Dev Psychopathol 11:589-605
Dawson, G; Frey, K; Panagiotides, H et al. (1999) Infants of depressed mothers exhibit atypical frontal electrical brain activity during interactions with mother and with a familiar, nondepressed adult. Child Dev 70:1058-66
Dawson, G; Frey, K; Panagiotides, H et al. (1997) Infants of depressed mothers exhibit atypical frontal brain activity: a replication and extension of previous findings. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 38:179-86
Dawson, G; Panagiotides, H; Klinger, L G et al. (1997) Infants of depressed and nondepressed mothers exhibit differences in frontal brain electrical activity during the expression of negative emotions. Dev Psychol 33:650-6
Dawson, G (1994) Frontal electroencephalographic correlates of individual differences in emotion expression in infants: a brain systems perspective on emotion. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 59:135-51